secure

README

Secure

Secure is an HTTP middleware for Go that facilitates some quick security wins. It's a standard net/http Handler, and can be used with many frameworks or directly with Go's net/http package.

Usage

// main.go
package main

import (
    "net/http"

    "github.com/unrolled/secure" // or "gopkg.in/unrolled/secure.v1"
)

var myHandler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Write([]byte("hello world"))
})

func main() {
    secureMiddleware := secure.New(secure.Options{
        AllowedHosts:          []string{"example\\.com", ".*\\.example\\.com"},
        AllowedHostsAreRegex:  true,
        HostsProxyHeaders:     []string{"X-Forwarded-Host"},
        SSLRedirect:           true,
        SSLHost:               "ssl.example.com",
        SSLProxyHeaders:       map[string]string{"X-Forwarded-Proto": "https"},
        STSSeconds:            31536000,
        STSIncludeSubdomains:  true,
        STSPreload:            true,
        FrameDeny:             true,
        ContentTypeNosniff:    true,
        BrowserXssFilter:      true,
        ContentSecurityPolicy: "script-src $NONCE",
        PublicKey:             `pin-sha256="base64+primary=="; pin-sha256="base64+backup=="; max-age=5184000; includeSubdomains; report-uri="https://www.example.com/hpkp-report"`,
    })

    app := secureMiddleware.Handler(myHandler)
    http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:3000", app)
}

Be sure to include the Secure middleware as close to the top (beginning) as possible (but after logging and recovery). It's best to do the allowed hosts and SSL check before anything else.

The above example will only allow requests with a host name of 'example.com', or 'ssl.example.com'. Also if the request is not HTTPS, it will be redirected to HTTPS with the host name of 'ssl.example.com'. Once those requirements are satisfied, it will add the following headers:

Strict-Transport-Security: 31536000; includeSubdomains; preload
X-Frame-Options: DENY
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'nonce-a2ZobGFoZg=='
PublicKey: pin-sha256="base64+primary=="; pin-sha256="base64+backup=="; max-age=5184000; includeSubdomains; report-uri="https://www.example.com/hpkp-report"

Set the IsDevelopment option to true when developing!

When IsDevelopment is true, the AllowedHosts, SSLRedirect, STS header, and HPKP header will not be in effect. This allows you to work in development/test mode and not have any annoying redirects to HTTPS (ie. development can happen on HTTP), or block localhost has a bad host.

Available options

Secure comes with a variety of configuration options (Note: these are not the default option values. See the defaults below.):

// ...
s := secure.New(secure.Options{
    AllowedHosts: []string{"ssl.example.com"}, // AllowedHosts is a list of fully qualified domain names that are allowed. Default is empty list, which allows any and all host names.
    AllowedHostsAreRegex: false,  // AllowedHostsAreRegex determines, if the provided AllowedHosts slice contains valid regular expressions. Default is false.
    HostsProxyHeaders: []string{"X-Forwarded-Hosts"}, // HostsProxyHeaders is a set of header keys that may hold a proxied hostname value for the request.
    SSLRedirect: true, // If SSLRedirect is set to true, then only allow HTTPS requests. Default is false.
    SSLTemporaryRedirect: false, // If SSLTemporaryRedirect is true, the a 302 will be used while redirecting. Default is false (301).
    SSLHost: "ssl.example.com", // SSLHost is the host name that is used to redirect HTTP requests to HTTPS. Default is "", which indicates to use the same host.
    SSLHostFunc: nil, // SSLHostFunc is a function pointer, the return value of the function is the host name that has same functionality as `SSHost`. Default is nil. If SSLHostFunc is nil, the `SSLHost` option will be used.
    SSLProxyHeaders: map[string]string{"X-Forwarded-Proto": "https"}, // SSLProxyHeaders is set of header keys with associated values that would indicate a valid HTTPS request. Useful when using Nginx: `map[string]string{"X-Forwarded-Proto": "https"}`. Default is blank map.
    STSSeconds: 31536000, // STSSeconds is the max-age of the Strict-Transport-Security header. Default is 0, which would NOT include the header.
    STSIncludeSubdomains: true, // If STSIncludeSubdomains is set to true, the `includeSubdomains` will be appended to the Strict-Transport-Security header. Default is false.
    STSPreload: true, // If STSPreload is set to true, the `preload` flag will be appended to the Strict-Transport-Security header. Default is false.
    ForceSTSHeader: false, // STS header is only included when the connection is HTTPS. If you want to force it to always be added, set to true. `IsDevelopment` still overrides this. Default is false.
    FrameDeny: true, // If FrameDeny is set to true, adds the X-Frame-Options header with the value of `DENY`. Default is false.
    CustomFrameOptionsValue: "SAMEORIGIN", // CustomFrameOptionsValue allows the X-Frame-Options header value to be set with a custom value. This overrides the FrameDeny option. Default is "".
    ContentTypeNosniff: true, // If ContentTypeNosniff is true, adds the X-Content-Type-Options header with the value `nosniff`. Default is false.
    BrowserXssFilter: true, // If BrowserXssFilter is true, adds the X-XSS-Protection header with the value `1; mode=block`. Default is false.
    CustomBrowserXssValue: "1; report=https://example.com/xss-report", // CustomBrowserXssValue allows the X-XSS-Protection header value to be set with a custom value. This overrides the BrowserXssFilter option. Default is "".
    ContentSecurityPolicy: "default-src 'self'", // ContentSecurityPolicy allows the Content-Security-Policy header value to be set with a custom value. Default is "". Passing a template string will replace `$NONCE` with a dynamic nonce value of 16 bytes for each request which can be later retrieved using the Nonce function.
    PublicKey: `pin-sha256="base64+primary=="; pin-sha256="base64+backup=="; max-age=5184000; includeSubdomains; report-uri="https://www.example.com/hpkp-report"`, // PublicKey implements HPKP to prevent MITM attacks with forged certificates. Default is "".
    ReferrerPolicy: "same-origin", // ReferrerPolicy allows the Referrer-Policy header with the value to be set with a custom value. Default is "".
    FeaturePolicy: "vibrate 'none';", // FeaturePolicy allows the Feature-Policy header with the value to be set with a custom value. Default is "".
    ExpectCTHeader: `enforce, max-age=30, report-uri="https://www.example.com/ct-report"`,

    IsDevelopment: true, // This will cause the AllowedHosts, SSLRedirect, and STSSeconds/STSIncludeSubdomains options to be ignored during development. When deploying to production, be sure to set this to false.
})
// ...

Default options

These are the preset options for Secure:

s := secure.New()

// Is the same as the default configuration options:

l := secure.New(secure.Options{
    AllowedHosts: []string,
    AllowedHostsAreRegex: false,
    HostsProxyHeaders: []string,
    SSLRedirect: false,
    SSLTemporaryRedirect: false,
    SSLHost: "",
    SSLProxyHeaders: map[string]string{},
    STSSeconds: 0,
    STSIncludeSubdomains: false,
    STSPreload: false,
    ForceSTSHeader: false,
    FrameDeny: false,
    CustomFrameOptionsValue: "",
    ContentTypeNosniff: false,
    BrowserXssFilter: false,
    ContentSecurityPolicy: "",
    PublicKey: "",
    ReferrerPolicy: "",
    FeaturePolicy: "",
    ExpectCTHeader: "",
    IsDevelopment: false,
})

Also note the default bad host handler returns an error:

http.Error(w, "Bad Host", http.StatusInternalServerError)

Call secure.SetBadHostHandler to change the bad host handler.

Redirecting HTTP to HTTPS

If you want to redirect all HTTP requests to HTTPS, you can use the following example.

// main.go
package main

import (
    "log"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/unrolled/secure" // or "gopkg.in/unrolled/secure.v1"
)

var myHandler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Write([]byte("hello world"))
})

func main() {
    secureMiddleware := secure.New(secure.Options{
        SSLRedirect: true,
        SSLHost:     "localhost:8443", // This is optional in production. The default behavior is to just redirect the request to the HTTPS protocol. Example: http://github.com/some_page would be redirected to https://github.com/some_page.
    })

    app := secureMiddleware.Handler(myHandler)

    // HTTP
    go func() {
        log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", app))
    }()

    // HTTPS
    // To generate a development cert and key, run the following from your *nix terminal:
    // go run $GOROOT/src/crypto/tls/generate_cert.go --host="localhost"
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServeTLS(":8443", "cert.pem", "key.pem", app))
}

Strict Transport Security

The STS header will only be sent on verified HTTPS connections (and when IsDevelopment is false). Be sure to set the SSLProxyHeaders option if your application is behind a proxy to ensure the proper behavior. If you need the STS header for all HTTP and HTTPS requests (which you shouldn't), you can use the ForceSTSHeader option. Note that if IsDevelopment is true, it will still disable this header even when ForceSTSHeader is set to true.

• The preload flag is required for domain inclusion in Chrome's preload list.

Content Security Policy

If you need dynamic support for CSP while using Websockets, check out this other middleware awakenetworks/csp.

Integration examples

chi

// main.go
package main

import (
    "net/http"

    "github.com/pressly/chi"
    "github.com/unrolled/secure" // or "gopkg.in/unrolled/secure.v1"
)

func main() {
    secureMiddleware := secure.New(secure.Options{
        FrameDeny: true,
    })

    r := chi.NewRouter()

    r.Get("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        w.Write([]byte("X-Frame-Options header is now `DENY`."))
    })
    r.Use(secureMiddleware.Handler)

    http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:3000", r)
}

Echo

// main.go
package main

import (
    "net/http"

    "github.com/labstack/echo"
    "github.com/unrolled/secure" // or "gopkg.in/unrolled/secure.v1"
)

func main() {
    secureMiddleware := secure.New(secure.Options{
        FrameDeny: true,
    })

    e := echo.New()
    e.GET("/", func(c echo.Context) error {
        return c.String(http.StatusOK, "X-Frame-Options header is now `DENY`.")
    })

    e.Use(echo.WrapMiddleware(secureMiddleware.Handler))
    e.Logger.Fatal(e.Start("127.0.0.1:3000"))
}

Gin

// main.go
package main

import (
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "github.com/unrolled/secure" // or "gopkg.in/unrolled/secure.v1"
)

func main() {
    secureMiddleware := secure.New(secure.Options{
        FrameDeny: true,
    })
    secureFunc := func() gin.HandlerFunc {
        return func(c *gin.Context) {
            err := secureMiddleware.Process(c.Writer, c.Request)

            // If there was an error, do not continue.
            if err != nil {
                c.Abort()
                return
            }

            // Avoid header rewrite if response is a redirection.
            if status := c.Writer.Status(); status > 300 && status < 399 {
                c.Abort()
            }
        }
    }()

    router := gin.Default()
    router.Use(secureFunc)

    router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "X-Frame-Options header is now `DENY`.")
    })

    router.Run("127.0.0.1:3000")
}

Goji

// main.go
package main

import (
    "net/http"

    "github.com/unrolled/secure" // or "gopkg.in/unrolled/secure.v1"
    "github.com/zenazn/goji"
    "github.com/zenazn/goji/web"
)

func main() {
    secureMiddleware := secure.New(secure.Options{
        FrameDeny: true,
    })

    goji.Get("/", func(c web.C, w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
        w.Write([]byte("X-Frame-Options header is now `DENY`."))
    })
    goji.Use(secureMiddleware.Handler)
    goji.Serve() // Defaults to ":8000".
}

Iris

//main.go
package main

import (
    "github.com/kataras/iris"
    "github.com/unrolled/secure" // or "gopkg.in/unrolled/secure.v1"
)

func main() {
    secureMiddleware := secure.New(secure.Options{
        FrameDeny: true,
    })

    iris.UseFunc(func(c *iris.Context) {
        err := secureMiddleware.Process(c.ResponseWriter, c.Request)

        // If there was an error, do not continue.
        if err != nil {
            return
        }

        c.Next()
    })

    iris.Get("/home", func(c *iris.Context) {
        c.SendStatus(200, "X-Frame-Options header is now `DENY`.")
    })

    iris.Listen(":8080")
}

Mux

//main.go
package main

import (
    "log"
    "net/http"
    
    "github.com/gorilla/mux"
    "github.com/unrolled/secure" // or "gopkg.in/unrolled/secure.v1"
)

func main() {
    secureMiddleware := secure.New(secure.Options{
        FrameDeny: true,
    })
    
    r := mux.NewRouter()
    r.Use(secureMiddleware.Handler)
    http.Handle("/", r)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(fmt.Sprintf(":%d", 8080), nil))
}

Negroni

Note this implementation has a special helper function called HandlerFuncWithNext.

// main.go
package main

import (
    "net/http"

    "github.com/codegangsta/negroni"
    "github.com/unrolled/secure" // or "gopkg.in/unrolled/secure.v1"
)

func main() {
    mux := http.NewServeMux()
    mux.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
        w.Write([]byte("X-Frame-Options header is now `DENY`."))
    })

    secureMiddleware := secure.New(secure.Options{
        FrameDeny: true,
    })

    n := negroni.Classic()
    n.Use(negroni.HandlerFunc(secureMiddleware.HandlerFuncWithNext))
    n.UseHandler(mux)

    n.Run("127.0.0.1:3000")
}

Documentation

Overview

Package secure is an HTTP middleware for Go that facilitates some quick security wins.

package main

import (
    "net/http"

    "github.com/unrolled/secure"  // or "gopkg.in/unrolled/secure.v1"
)

var myHandler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Write([]byte("hello world"))
})

func main() {
    secureMiddleware := secure.New(secure.Options{
        AllowedHosts: []string{"www.example.com", "sub.example.com"},
        SSLRedirect:  true,
    })

    app := secureMiddleware.Handler(myHandler)
    http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:3000", app)
}

Index

• func CSPNonce(c context.Context) string
• func WithCSPNonce(ctx context.Context, nonce string) context.Context
• type Options
• type SSLHostFunc
• type Secure
  • func New(options ...Options) *Secure
  • func (s *Secure) Handler(h http.Handler) http.Handler
  • func (s *Secure) HandlerForRequestOnly(h http.Handler) http.Handler
  • func (s *Secure) HandlerFuncWithNext(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next http.HandlerFunc)
  • func (s *Secure) HandlerFuncWithNextForRequestOnly(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next http.HandlerFunc)
  • func (s *Secure) ModifyResponseHeaders(res *http.Response) error
  • func (s *Secure) Process(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error
  • func (s *Secure) ProcessAndReturnNonce(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (string, error)
  • func (s *Secure) ProcessNoModifyRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (http.Header, *http.Request, error)
  • func (s *Secure) SetBadHostHandler(handler http.Handler)

Functions

func CSPNonce

func CSPNonce(c context.Context) string

CSPNonce returns the nonce value associated with the present request. If no nonce has been generated it returns an empty string.

func WithCSPNonce

func WithCSPNonce(ctx context.Context, nonce string) context.Context

WithCSPNonce returns a context derived from ctx containing the given nonce as a value.

This is intended for testing or more advanced use-cases; For ordinary HTTP handlers, clients can rely on this package's middleware to populate the CSP nonce in the context.

Types

type Options

type Options struct {
	// If BrowserXssFilter is true, adds the X-XSS-Protection header with the value `1; mode=block`. Default is false.
	BrowserXssFilter bool // nolint: golint
	// If ContentTypeNosniff is true, adds the X-Content-Type-Options header with the value `nosniff`. Default is false.
	ContentTypeNosniff bool
	// If ForceSTSHeader is set to true, the STS header will be added even when the connection is HTTP. Default is false.
	ForceSTSHeader bool
	// If FrameDeny is set to true, adds the X-Frame-Options header with the value of `DENY`. Default is false.
	FrameDeny bool
	// When developing, the AllowedHosts, SSL, and STS options can cause some unwanted effects. Usually testing happens on http, not https, and on localhost, not your production domain... so set this to true for dev environment.
	// If you would like your development environment to mimic production with complete Host blocking, SSL redirects, and STS headers, leave this as false. Default if false.
	IsDevelopment bool

	// If SSLRedirect is set to true, then only allow https requests. Default is false.
	SSLRedirect bool
	// If SSLForceHost is true and SSLHost is set, requests will be forced to use SSLHost even the ones that are already using SSL. Default is false.
	SSLForceHost bool
	// If SSLTemporaryRedirect is true, the a 302 will be used while redirecting. Default is false (301).
	SSLTemporaryRedirect bool
	// If STSIncludeSubdomains is set to true, the `includeSubdomains` will be appended to the Strict-Transport-Security header. Default is false.
	STSIncludeSubdomains bool
	// If STSPreload is set to true, the `preload` flag will be appended to the Strict-Transport-Security header. Default is false.
	STSPreload bool
	// ContentSecurityPolicy allows the Content-Security-Policy header value to be set with a custom value. Default is "".
	ContentSecurityPolicy string
	// ContentSecurityPolicyReportOnly allows the Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only header value to be set with a custom value. Default is "".
	ContentSecurityPolicyReportOnly string
	// CustomBrowserXssValue allows the X-XSS-Protection header value to be set with a custom value. This overrides the BrowserXssFilter option. Default is "".
	CustomBrowserXssValue string // nolint: golint
	// Passing a template string will replace `$NONCE` with a dynamic nonce value of 16 bytes for each request which can be later retrieved using the Nonce function.
	// Eg: script-src $NONCE -> script-src 'nonce-a2ZobGFoZg=='
	// CustomFrameOptionsValue allows the X-Frame-Options header value to be set with a custom value. This overrides the FrameDeny option. Default is "".
	CustomFrameOptionsValue string
	// PublicKey implements HPKP to prevent MITM attacks with forged certificates. Default is "".
	PublicKey string
	// ReferrerPolicy allows sites to control when browsers will pass the Referer header to other sites. Default is "".
	ReferrerPolicy string
	// FeaturePolicy allows to selectively enable and disable use of various browser features and APIs. Default is "".
	FeaturePolicy string
	// SSLHost is the host name that is used to redirect http requests to https. Default is "", which indicates to use the same host.
	SSLHost string
	// AllowedHosts is a list of fully qualified domain names that are allowed. Default is empty list, which allows any and all host names.
	AllowedHosts []string
	// AllowedHostsAreRegex determines, if the provided slice contains valid regular expressions. If this flag is set to true, every request's
	// host will be checked against these expressions. Default is false for backwards compatibility.
	AllowedHostsAreRegex bool
	// HostsProxyHeaders is a set of header keys that may hold a proxied hostname value for the request.
	HostsProxyHeaders []string
	// SSLHostFunc is a function pointer, the return value of the function is the host name that has same functionality as `SSHost`. Default is nil.
	// If SSLHostFunc is nil, the `SSLHost` option will be used.
	SSLHostFunc *SSLHostFunc
	// SSLProxyHeaders is set of header keys with associated values that would indicate a valid https request. Useful when using Nginx: `map[string]string{"X-Forwarded-Proto": "https"}`. Default is blank map.
	SSLProxyHeaders map[string]string
	// STSSeconds is the max-age of the Strict-Transport-Security header. Default is 0, which would NOT include the header.
	STSSeconds int64
	// ExpectCTHeader allows the Expect-CT header value to be set with a custom value. Default is "".
	ExpectCTHeader string
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Options is a struct for specifying configuration options for the secure.Secure middleware.

type SSLHostFunc

type SSLHostFunc func(host string) (newHost string)

SSLHostFunc a type whose pointer is the type of field `SSLHostFunc` of `Options` struct

type Secure

type Secure struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Secure is a middleware that helps setup a few basic security features. A single secure.Options struct can be provided to configure which features should be enabled, and the ability to override a few of the default values.

func New

func New(options ...Options) *Secure

New constructs a new Secure instance with the supplied options.

func (*Secure) Handler

func (s *Secure) Handler(h http.Handler) http.Handler

Handler implements the http.HandlerFunc for integration with the standard net/http lib.

func (*Secure) HandlerForRequestOnly

func (s *Secure) HandlerForRequestOnly(h http.Handler) http.Handler

HandlerForRequestOnly implements the http.HandlerFunc for integration with the standard net/http lib. Note that this is for requests only and will not write any headers.

func (*Secure) HandlerFuncWithNext

func (s *Secure) HandlerFuncWithNext(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next http.HandlerFunc)

HandlerFuncWithNext is a special implementation for Negroni, but could be used elsewhere.

func (*Secure) HandlerFuncWithNextForRequestOnly

func (s *Secure) HandlerFuncWithNextForRequestOnly(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next http.HandlerFunc)

HandlerFuncWithNextForRequestOnly is a special implementation for Negroni, but could be used elsewhere. Note that this is for requests only and will not write any headers.

func (*Secure) ModifyResponseHeaders

func (s *Secure) ModifyResponseHeaders(res *http.Response) error

ModifyResponseHeaders modifies the Response. Used by http.ReverseProxy.

func (*Secure) Process

func (s *Secure) Process(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error

Process runs the actual checks and writes the headers in the ResponseWriter.

func (*Secure) ProcessAndReturnNonce

func (s *Secure) ProcessAndReturnNonce(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (string, error)

ProcessAndReturnNonce runs the actual checks and writes the headers in the ResponseWriter. In addition, the generated nonce for the request is returned as well as the error value.

func (*Secure) ProcessNoModifyRequest

func (s *Secure) ProcessNoModifyRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (http.Header, *http.Request, error)

ProcessNoModifyRequest runs the actual checks but does not write the headers in the ResponseWriter.

func (*Secure) SetBadHostHandler

func (s *Secure) SetBadHostHandler(handler http.Handler)

SetBadHostHandler sets the handler to call when secure rejects the host name.