Usually to read a file its metadata has to read from disk first (unless its in cache) and then do another read to actually read the file. This adds overhead.
Each file usually has over 128 bytes of metadata overhead (256+ bytes in ext4!)
Warehouse solves this problem by
Having a very small metadata overhead (17 bytes)
Storing all metadata in memory
This means that each read from a volume server is only one disk read, lowering latency
Direct connections
Some file storage systems may proxy data to the underlying storage
This increases bandwith
Warehouse uses direct connections (with JWTs) so that clients upload and read directly from the volume servers the file (or chunk) is located at