squirrel

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 Go to latest Published: May 18, 2023 License: MIT Imports: 12 Imported by: 0

README

Squirrel - fluent SQL generator for Go

This is a fork of github.com/Masterminds/squirrel with references to database/sql replaced with jackc/pgx. This migration was done to support our internal usecase where we were migrating from lib/pq to pgx however could not use the stdlib compatability layer due to support for copyin in nested transactions in our codebase Hence we opted to fork squirrel and support pgx natively to minimize the code changes needed as part of this migration.

import "github.com/Masterminds/squirrel"

GoDoc Build Status

Squirrel is not an ORM. For an application of Squirrel, check out structable, a table-struct mapper

Squirrel helps you build SQL queries from composable parts:

import sq "github.com/Masterminds/squirrel"

users := sq.Select("*").From("users").Join("emails USING (email_id)")

active := users.Where(sq.Eq{"deleted_at": nil})

sql, args, err := active.ToSql()

sql == "SELECT * FROM users JOIN emails USING (email_id) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL"

sql, args, err := sq.
    Insert("users").Columns("name", "age").
    Values("moe", 13).Values("larry", sq.Expr("? + 5", 12)).
    ToSql()

sql == "INSERT INTO users (name,age) VALUES (?,?),(?,? + 5)"

Squirrel can also execute queries directly:

stooges := users.Where(sq.Eq{"username": []string{"moe", "larry", "curly", "shemp"}})
three_stooges := stooges.Limit(3)
rows, err := three_stooges.RunWith(db).Query()

// Behaves like:
rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username IN (?,?,?,?) LIMIT 3",
                      "moe", "larry", "curly", "shemp")

Squirrel makes conditional query building a breeze:

if len(q) > 0 {
    users = users.Where("name LIKE ?", fmt.Sprint("%", q, "%"))
}

Squirrel wants to make your life easier:

// StmtCache caches Prepared Stmts for you
dbCache := sq.NewStmtCache(db)

// StatementBuilder keeps your syntax neat
mydb := sq.StatementBuilder.RunWith(dbCache)
select_users := mydb.Select("*").From("users")

Squirrel loves PostgreSQL:

psql := sq.StatementBuilder.PlaceholderFormat(sq.Dollar)

// You use question marks for placeholders...
sql, _, _ := psql.Select("*").From("elephants").Where("name IN (?,?)", "Dumbo", "Verna").ToSql()

/// ...squirrel replaces them using PlaceholderFormat.
sql == "SELECT * FROM elephants WHERE name IN ($1,$2)"


/// You can retrieve id ...
query := sq.Insert("nodes").
    Columns("uuid", "type", "data").
    Values(node.Uuid, node.Type, node.Data).
    Suffix("RETURNING \"id\"").
    RunWith(m.db).
    PlaceholderFormat(sq.Dollar)

query.QueryRow().Scan(&node.id)

You can escape question marks by inserting two question marks:

SELECT * FROM nodes WHERE meta->'format' ??| array[?,?]

will generate with the Dollar Placeholder:

SELECT * FROM nodes WHERE meta->'format' ?| array[$1,$2]

FAQ

  • How can I build an IN query on composite keys / tuples, e.g. WHERE (col1, col2) IN ((1,2),(3,4))? (#104)

    Squirrel does not explicitly support tuples, but you can get the same effect with e.g.:

    sq.Or{
  sq.Eq{"col1": 1, "col2": 2},
  sq.Eq{"col1": 3, "col2": 4}}

    WHERE (col1 = 1 AND col2 = 2) OR (col1 = 3 AND col2 = 4)

    (which should produce the same query plan as the tuple version)

  • Why doesn't Eq{"mynumber": []uint8{1,2,3}} turn into an IN query? (#114)

    Values of type []byte are handled specially by database/sql. In Go, byte is just an alias of uint8, so there is no way to distinguish []uint8 from []byte.

  • Some features are poorly documented!

    This isn't a frequent complaints section!

  • Some features are poorly documented?

    Yes. The tests should be considered a part of the documentation; take a look at those for ideas on how to express more complex queries.

License

Squirrel is released under the MIT License.

Documentation

Overview

Package squirrel provides a fluent SQL generator.

See https://github.com/assetnote/squirrel for examples.

Index

Examples

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

View Source 
var (
	// Question is a PlaceholderFormat instance that leaves placeholders as
	// question marks.
	Question = questionFormat{}

	// Dollar is a PlaceholderFormat instance that replaces placeholders with
	// dollar-prefixed positional placeholders (e.g. $1, $2, $3).
	Dollar = dollarFormat{}

	// Colon is a PlaceholderFormat instance that replaces placeholders with
	// colon-prefixed positional placeholders (e.g. :1, :2, :3).
	Colon = colonFormat{}

	// AtP is a PlaceholderFormat instance that replaces placeholders with
	// "@p"-prefixed positional placeholders (e.g. @p1, @p2, @p3).
	AtP = atpFormat{}
)
View Source 
var NoContextSupport = errors.New("DB does not support Context")

NoContextSupport is returned if a db doesn't support Context.

View Source 
var RunnerNotQueryRunner = fmt.Errorf("cannot QueryRow; Runner is not a QueryRower")

RunnerNotQueryRunner is returned by QueryRow if the RunWith value doesn't implement QueryRower.

View Source 
var RunnerNotSet = fmt.Errorf("cannot run; no Runner set (RunWith)")

RunnerNotSet is returned by methods that need a Runner if it isn't set.

View Source 
var StatementBuilder = StatementBuilderType(builder.EmptyBuilder).PlaceholderFormat(Question)

StatementBuilder is a parent builder for other builders, e.g. SelectBuilder.

Functions

func Alias 

func Alias(expr Sqlizer, alias string) aliasExpr

Alias allows to define alias for column in SelectBuilder. Useful when column is defined as complex expression like IF or CASE Ex: 

.Column(Alias(caseStmt, "case_column"))

func ConcatExpr 

func ConcatExpr(parts ...interface{}) concatExpr

ConcatExpr builds an expression by concatenating strings and other expressions.

Ex: 

name_expr := Expr("CONCAT(?, ' ', ?)", firstName, lastName)
ConcatExpr("COALESCE(full_name,", name_expr, ")")

func DebugSqlizer 

func DebugSqlizer(s Sqlizer) string

DebugSqlizer calls ToSql on s and shows the approximate SQL to be executed

If ToSql returns an error, the result of this method will look like: "[ToSql error: %s]" or "[DebugSqlizer error: %s]"

IMPORTANT: As its name suggests, this function should only be used for debugging. While the string result *might* be valid SQL, this function does not try very hard to ensure it. Additionally, executing the output of this function with any untrusted user input is certainly insecure.

func ExecContextWith 

func ExecContextWith(ctx context.Context, db Execer, s Sqlizer) (res pgconn.CommandTag, err error)

ExecContextWith ExecContexts the SQL returned by s with db.

func ExecWith 

func ExecWith(db Execer, s Sqlizer) (commandTag pgconn.CommandTag, err error)

ExecWith Execs the SQL returned by s with db.

func Placeholders 

func Placeholders(count int) string

Placeholders returns a string with count ? placeholders joined with commas.

func QueryContextWith 

func QueryContextWith(ctx context.Context, db Queryer, s Sqlizer) (rows pgx.Rows, err error)

QueryContextWith QueryContexts the SQL returned by s with db.

func QueryRowContextWith 

func QueryRowContextWith(ctx context.Context, db QueryRower, s Sqlizer) pgx.Row

QueryRowContextWith QueryRowContexts the SQL returned by s with db.

func QueryRowWith 

func QueryRowWith(db QueryRower, s Sqlizer) pgx.Row

QueryRowWith QueryRows the SQL returned by s with db.

func QueryWith 

func QueryWith(db Queryer, s Sqlizer) (rows pgx.Rows, err error)

QueryWith Querys the SQL returned by s with db.

Types

type And 

type And conj

And conjunction Sqlizers

func (And) ToSql 

func (a And) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

type BaseRunner 

type BaseRunner interface {
	Execer
	Queryer
}

BaseRunner groups the Execer and Queryer interfaces.

type CTE added in v1.8.0 

type CTE struct {
	Alias      string
	ColumnList []string
	Recursive  bool
	Expression Sqlizer
}

CTE represents a single common table expression. They are composed of an alias, a few optional components, and a data manipulation statement, though exactly what sort of statement depends on the database system you're using. MySQL, for example, only allows SELECT statements; others, like PostgreSQL, permit INSERTs, UPDATEs, and DELETEs. The optional components supported by this fork of Squirrel include: * a list of columns * the keyword RECURSIVE, the use of which may place additional constraints on the data manipulation statement

func (CTE) ToSql added in v1.8.0 

func (c CTE) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

ToSql builds the SQL for a CTE

type CaseBuilder 

type CaseBuilder builder.Builder

CaseBuilder builds SQL CASE construct which could be used as parts of queries.

func Case 

func Case(what ...interface{}) CaseBuilder

Case returns a new CaseBuilder "what" represents case value

func (CaseBuilder) Else 

func (b CaseBuilder) Else(expr interface{}) CaseBuilder

What sets optional "ELSE ..." part for CASE construct

func (CaseBuilder) MustSql 

func (b CaseBuilder) MustSql() (string, []interface{})

MustSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args. It panics if there are any errors.

func (CaseBuilder) ToSql 

func (b CaseBuilder) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

ToSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args.

func (CaseBuilder) When 

func (b CaseBuilder) When(when interface{}, then interface{}) CaseBuilder

When adds "WHEN ... THEN ..." part to CASE construct

type DeleteBuilder 

type DeleteBuilder builder.Builder

DeleteBuilder builds SQL DELETE statements.

func Delete 

func Delete(from string) DeleteBuilder

Delete returns a new DeleteBuilder with the given table name.

See DeleteBuilder.Table.

func (DeleteBuilder) Exec 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Exec() (pgconn.CommandTag, error)

Exec builds and Execs the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (DeleteBuilder) ExecContext 

func (b DeleteBuilder) ExecContext(ctx context.Context) (pgconn.CommandTag, error)

ExecContext builds and ExecContexts the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (DeleteBuilder) From 

func (b DeleteBuilder) From(from string) DeleteBuilder

From sets the table to be deleted from.

func (DeleteBuilder) Limit 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Limit(limit uint64) DeleteBuilder

Limit sets a LIMIT clause on the query.

func (DeleteBuilder) MustSql 

func (b DeleteBuilder) MustSql() (string, []interface{})

MustSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args. It panics if there are any errors.

func (DeleteBuilder) Offset 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Offset(offset uint64) DeleteBuilder

Offset sets a OFFSET clause on the query.

func (DeleteBuilder) OrderBy 

func (b DeleteBuilder) OrderBy(orderBys ...string) DeleteBuilder

OrderBy adds ORDER BY expressions to the query.

func (DeleteBuilder) PlaceholderFormat 

func (b DeleteBuilder) PlaceholderFormat(f PlaceholderFormat) DeleteBuilder

PlaceholderFormat sets PlaceholderFormat (e.g. Question or Dollar) for the query.

func (DeleteBuilder) Prefix 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Prefix(sql string, args ...interface{}) DeleteBuilder

Prefix adds an expression to the beginning of the query

func (DeleteBuilder) PrefixExpr 

func (b DeleteBuilder) PrefixExpr(expr Sqlizer) DeleteBuilder

PrefixExpr adds an expression to the very beginning of the query

func (DeleteBuilder) Query 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Query() (pgx.Rows, error)

func (DeleteBuilder) QueryContext 

func (b DeleteBuilder) QueryContext(ctx context.Context) (pgx.Rows, error)

QueryContext builds and QueryContexts the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (DeleteBuilder) QueryRowContext 

func (b DeleteBuilder) QueryRowContext(ctx context.Context) pgx.Row

QueryRowContext builds and QueryRowContexts the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (DeleteBuilder) RunWith 

func (b DeleteBuilder) RunWith(runner BaseRunner) DeleteBuilder

RunWith sets a Runner (like database/sql.DB) to be used with e.g. Exec.

func (DeleteBuilder) ScanContext 

func (b DeleteBuilder) ScanContext(ctx context.Context, dest ...interface{}) error

ScanContext is a shortcut for QueryRowContext().Scan.

func (DeleteBuilder) Suffix 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Suffix(sql string, args ...interface{}) DeleteBuilder

Suffix adds an expression to the end of the query

func (DeleteBuilder) SuffixExpr 

func (b DeleteBuilder) SuffixExpr(expr Sqlizer) DeleteBuilder

SuffixExpr adds an expression to the end of the query

func (DeleteBuilder) ToSql 

func (b DeleteBuilder) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

ToSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args.

func (DeleteBuilder) Where 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Where(pred interface{}, args ...interface{}) DeleteBuilder

Where adds WHERE expressions to the query.

See SelectBuilder.Where for more information.

type Eq 

type Eq map[string]interface{}

Eq is syntactic sugar for use with Where/Having/Set methods.

Example 
Select("id", "created", "first_name").From("users").Where(Eq{
	"company": 20,
})

Output:

func (Eq) ToSql 

func (eq Eq) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type Execer 

type Execer interface {
	Exec(ctx context.Context, sql string, arguments ...interface{}) (commandTag pgconn.CommandTag, err error)
}

Execer is the interface that wraps the Exec method.

Exec executes the given query as implemented by database/sql.Exec.

type Gt 

type Gt Lt

Gt is syntactic sugar for use with Where/Having/Set methods. Ex: 

.Where(Gt{"id": 1}) == "id > 1"

func (Gt) ToSql 

func (gt Gt) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type GtOrEq 

type GtOrEq Lt

GtOrEq is syntactic sugar for use with Where/Having/Set methods. Ex: 

.Where(GtOrEq{"id": 1}) == "id >= 1"

func (GtOrEq) ToSql 

func (gtOrEq GtOrEq) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type ILike 

type ILike Like

ILike is syntactic sugar for use with ILIKE conditions. Ex: 

.Where(ILike{"name": "sq%"})

func (ILike) ToSql 

func (ilk ILike) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type InsertBuilder 

type InsertBuilder builder.Builder

InsertBuilder builds SQL INSERT statements.

func Insert 

func Insert(into string) InsertBuilder

Insert returns a new InsertBuilder with the given table name.

See InsertBuilder.Into.

func Replace 

func Replace(into string) InsertBuilder

Replace returns a new InsertBuilder with the statement keyword set to "REPLACE" and with the given table name.

See InsertBuilder.Into.

func (InsertBuilder) Columns 

func (b InsertBuilder) Columns(columns ...string) InsertBuilder

Columns adds insert columns to the query.

func (InsertBuilder) Exec 

func (b InsertBuilder) Exec() (pgconn.CommandTag, error)

Exec builds and Execs the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (InsertBuilder) ExecContext 

func (b InsertBuilder) ExecContext(ctx context.Context) (pgconn.CommandTag, error)

ExecContext builds and ExecContexts the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (InsertBuilder) Into 

func (b InsertBuilder) Into(from string) InsertBuilder

Into sets the INTO clause of the query.

func (InsertBuilder) MustSql 

func (b InsertBuilder) MustSql() (string, []interface{})

MustSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args. It panics if there are any errors.

func (InsertBuilder) Options 

func (b InsertBuilder) Options(options ...string) InsertBuilder

Options adds keyword options before the INTO clause of the query.

func (InsertBuilder) PlaceholderFormat 

func (b InsertBuilder) PlaceholderFormat(f PlaceholderFormat) InsertBuilder

PlaceholderFormat sets PlaceholderFormat (e.g. Question or Dollar) for the query.

func (InsertBuilder) Prefix 

func (b InsertBuilder) Prefix(sql string, args ...interface{}) InsertBuilder

Prefix adds an expression to the beginning of the query

func (InsertBuilder) PrefixExpr 

func (b InsertBuilder) PrefixExpr(expr Sqlizer) InsertBuilder

PrefixExpr adds an expression to the very beginning of the query

func (InsertBuilder) Query 

func (b InsertBuilder) Query() (pgx.Rows, error)

Query builds and Querys the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (InsertBuilder) QueryContext 

func (b InsertBuilder) QueryContext(ctx context.Context) (pgx.Rows, error)

QueryContext builds and QueryContexts the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (InsertBuilder) QueryRow 

func (b InsertBuilder) QueryRow() pgx.Row

QueryRow builds and QueryRows the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (InsertBuilder) QueryRowContext 

func (b InsertBuilder) QueryRowContext(ctx context.Context) pgx.Row

QueryRowContext builds and QueryRowContexts the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (InsertBuilder) RunWith 

func (b InsertBuilder) RunWith(runner BaseRunner) InsertBuilder

RunWith sets a Runner (like database/sql.DB) to be used with e.g. Exec.

func (InsertBuilder) Scan 

func (b InsertBuilder) Scan(dest ...interface{}) error

Scan is a shortcut for QueryRow().Scan.

func (InsertBuilder) ScanContext 

func (b InsertBuilder) ScanContext(ctx context.Context, dest ...interface{}) error

ScanContext is a shortcut for QueryRowContext().Scan.

func (InsertBuilder) Select 

func (b InsertBuilder) Select(sb SelectBuilder) InsertBuilder

Select set Select clause for insert query If Values and Select are used, then Select has higher priority

func (InsertBuilder) SetMap 

func (b InsertBuilder) SetMap(clauses map[string]interface{}) InsertBuilder

SetMap set columns and values for insert builder from a map of column name and value note that it will reset all previous columns and values was set if any

func (InsertBuilder) Suffix 

func (b InsertBuilder) Suffix(sql string, args ...interface{}) InsertBuilder

Suffix adds an expression to the end of the query

func (InsertBuilder) SuffixExpr 

func (b InsertBuilder) SuffixExpr(expr Sqlizer) InsertBuilder

SuffixExpr adds an expression to the end of the query

func (InsertBuilder) ToSql 

func (b InsertBuilder) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

ToSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args.

func (InsertBuilder) Values 

func (b InsertBuilder) Values(values ...interface{}) InsertBuilder

Values adds a single row's values to the query.

type Like 

type Like map[string]interface{}

Like is syntactic sugar for use with LIKE conditions. Ex: 

.Where(Like{"name": "%irrel"})

func (Like) ToSql 

func (lk Like) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type Lt 

type Lt map[string]interface{}

Lt is syntactic sugar for use with Where/Having/Set methods. Ex: 

.Where(Lt{"id": 1})

func (Lt) ToSql 

func (lt Lt) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type LtOrEq 

type LtOrEq Lt

LtOrEq is syntactic sugar for use with Where/Having/Set methods. Ex: 

.Where(LtOrEq{"id": 1}) == "id <= 1"

func (LtOrEq) ToSql 

func (ltOrEq LtOrEq) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type NotEq 

type NotEq Eq

NotEq is syntactic sugar for use with Where/Having/Set methods. Ex: 

.Where(NotEq{"id": 1}) == "id <> 1"

func (NotEq) ToSql 

func (neq NotEq) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type NotILike 

type NotILike Like

NotILike is syntactic sugar for use with ILIKE conditions. Ex: 

.Where(NotILike{"name": "sq%"})

func (NotILike) ToSql 

func (nilk NotILike) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type NotLike 

type NotLike Like

NotLike is syntactic sugar for use with LIKE conditions. Ex: 

.Where(NotLike{"name": "%irrel"})

func (NotLike) ToSql 

func (nlk NotLike) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type Or 

type Or conj

Or conjunction Sqlizers

func (Or) ToSql 

func (o Or) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

type PlaceholderFormat 

type PlaceholderFormat interface {
	ReplacePlaceholders(sql string) (string, error)
}

PlaceholderFormat is the interface that wraps the ReplacePlaceholders method.

ReplacePlaceholders takes a SQL statement and replaces each question mark placeholder with a (possibly different) SQL placeholder.

type QueryRower 

type QueryRower interface {
	QueryRow(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface{}) pgx.Row
}

QueryRower is the interface that wraps the QueryRow method.

QueryRow executes the given query as implemented by database/sql.QueryRow.

type Queryer 

type Queryer interface {
	Query(ctx context.Context, sql string, args ...interface{}) (pgx.Rows, error)
}

Queryer is the interface that wraps the Query method.

Query executes the given query as implemented by database/sql.Query.

type Row 

type Row struct {
	pgx.Row
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Row wraps database/sql.Row to let squirrel return new errors on Scan.

func (*Row) Scan 

func (r *Row) Scan(dest ...interface{}) error

Scan returns Row.err or calls pgx.Row.Scan.

type RowScanner 

type RowScanner interface {
	Scan(...interface{}) error
}

pgx.Row is the interface that wraps the Scan method.

Scan behaves like database/sql.Row.Scan.

type Runner 

type Runner interface {
	Execer
	Queryer
	QueryRower
}

Runner groups the Execer, Queryer, and QueryRower interfaces.

func WrapStdSql 

func WrapStdSql(stdSql StdSql) Runner

WrapStdSql wraps a type implementing the standard SQL interface with methods that squirrel expects.

func WrapStdSqlCtx 

func WrapStdSqlCtx(stdSqlCtx StdSql) Runner

WrapStdSqlCtx wraps a type implementing the standard SQL interface plus the context versions of the methods with methods that squirrel expects.

type SelectBuilder 

type SelectBuilder builder.Builder

SelectBuilder builds SQL SELECT statements.

func Select 

func Select(columns ...string) SelectBuilder

Select returns a new SelectBuilder, optionally setting some result columns.

See SelectBuilder.Columns.

Example 
Select("id", "created", "first_name").From("users") // ... continue building up your query

// sql methods in select columns are ok
Select("first_name", "count(*)").From("users")

// column aliases are ok too
Select("first_name", "count(*) as n_users").From("users")

Output:

func (SelectBuilder) Column 

func (b SelectBuilder) Column(column interface{}, args ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

Column adds a result column to the query. Unlike Columns, Column accepts args which will be bound to placeholders in the columns string, for example: 

Column("IF(col IN ("+squirrel.Placeholders(3)+"), 1, 0) as col", 1, 2, 3)

func (SelectBuilder) Columns 

func (b SelectBuilder) Columns(columns ...string) SelectBuilder

Columns adds result columns to the query.

Example 
query := Select("id").Columns("created", "first_name").From("users")

sql, _, _ := query.ToSql()
fmt.Println(sql)

Output:

SELECT id, created, first_name FROM users
Example (Order) 
// out of order is ok too
query := Select("id").Columns("created").From("users").Columns("first_name")

sql, _, _ := query.ToSql()
fmt.Println(sql)

Output:

SELECT id, created, first_name FROM users

func (SelectBuilder) CrossJoin 

func (b SelectBuilder) CrossJoin(join string, rest ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

CrossJoin adds a CROSS JOIN clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Distinct 

func (b SelectBuilder) Distinct() SelectBuilder

Distinct adds a DISTINCT clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Exec 

func (b SelectBuilder) Exec() (pgconn.CommandTag, error)

Exec builds and Execs the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (SelectBuilder) ExecContext 

func (b SelectBuilder) ExecContext(ctx context.Context) (pgconn.CommandTag, error)

ExecContext builds and ExecContexts the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (SelectBuilder) From 

func (b SelectBuilder) From(from string) SelectBuilder

From sets the FROM clause of the query.

Example 
Select("id", "created", "first_name").From("users") // ... continue building up your query

Output:

func (SelectBuilder) FromSelect 

func (b SelectBuilder) FromSelect(from SelectBuilder, alias string) SelectBuilder

FromSelect sets a subquery into the FROM clause of the query.

Example 
usersByCompany := Select("company", "count(*) as n_users").From("users").GroupBy("company")
query := Select("company.id", "company.name", "users_by_company.n_users").
	FromSelect(usersByCompany, "users_by_company").
	Join("company on company.id = users_by_company.company")

sql, _, _ := query.ToSql()
fmt.Println(sql)

Output:

SELECT company.id, company.name, users_by_company.n_users FROM (SELECT company, count(*) as n_users FROM users GROUP BY company) AS users_by_company JOIN company on company.id = users_by_company.company

func (SelectBuilder) GroupBy 

func (b SelectBuilder) GroupBy(groupBys ...string) SelectBuilder

GroupBy adds GROUP BY expressions to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Having 

func (b SelectBuilder) Having(pred interface{}, rest ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

Having adds an expression to the HAVING clause of the query.

See Where.

func (SelectBuilder) InnerJoin 

func (b SelectBuilder) InnerJoin(join string, rest ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

InnerJoin adds a INNER JOIN clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Join 

func (b SelectBuilder) Join(join string, rest ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

Join adds a JOIN clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) JoinClause 

func (b SelectBuilder) JoinClause(pred interface{}, args ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

JoinClause adds a join clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) LeftJoin 

func (b SelectBuilder) LeftJoin(join string, rest ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

LeftJoin adds a LEFT JOIN clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Limit 

func (b SelectBuilder) Limit(limit uint64) SelectBuilder

Limit sets a LIMIT clause on the query.

func (SelectBuilder) MustSql 

func (b SelectBuilder) MustSql() (string, []interface{})

MustSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args. It panics if there are any errors.

func (SelectBuilder) Offset 

func (b SelectBuilder) Offset(offset uint64) SelectBuilder

Offset sets a OFFSET clause on the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Options 

func (b SelectBuilder) Options(options ...string) SelectBuilder

Options adds select option to the query

func (SelectBuilder) OrderBy 

func (b SelectBuilder) OrderBy(orderBys ...string) SelectBuilder

OrderBy adds ORDER BY expressions to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) OrderByClause 

func (b SelectBuilder) OrderByClause(pred interface{}, args ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

OrderByClause adds ORDER BY clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) PlaceholderFormat 

func (b SelectBuilder) PlaceholderFormat(f PlaceholderFormat) SelectBuilder

PlaceholderFormat sets PlaceholderFormat (e.g. Question or Dollar) for the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Prefix 

func (b SelectBuilder) Prefix(sql string, args ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

Prefix adds an expression to the beginning of the query

func (SelectBuilder) PrefixExpr 

func (b SelectBuilder) PrefixExpr(expr Sqlizer) SelectBuilder

PrefixExpr adds an expression to the very beginning of the query

func (SelectBuilder) Query 

func (b SelectBuilder) Query() (pgx.Rows, error)

Query builds and Querys the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (SelectBuilder) QueryContext 

func (b SelectBuilder) QueryContext(ctx context.Context) (pgx.Rows, error)

QueryContext builds and QueryContexts the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (SelectBuilder) QueryRow 

func (b SelectBuilder) QueryRow() pgx.Row

QueryRow builds and QueryRows the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (SelectBuilder) QueryRowContext 

func (b SelectBuilder) QueryRowContext(ctx context.Context) pgx.Row

QueryRowContext builds and QueryRowContexts the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (SelectBuilder) RemoveLimit 

func (b SelectBuilder) RemoveLimit() SelectBuilder

Limit ALL allows to access all records with limit

func (SelectBuilder) RemoveOffset 

func (b SelectBuilder) RemoveOffset() SelectBuilder

RemoveOffset removes OFFSET clause.

func (SelectBuilder) RightJoin 

func (b SelectBuilder) RightJoin(join string, rest ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

RightJoin adds a RIGHT JOIN clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) RunWith 

func (b SelectBuilder) RunWith(runner BaseRunner) SelectBuilder

RunWith sets a Runner (like database/sql.DB) to be used with e.g. Exec. For most cases runner will be a database connection.

Internally we use this to mock out the database connection for testing.

Example 
var db pgx.Tx

query := Select("id", "created", "first_name").From("users").RunWith(db)

var id int
var created time.Time
var firstName string

if err := query.Scan(&id, &created, &firstName); err != nil {
	log.Println(err)
	return
}

Output:

func (SelectBuilder) Scan 

func (b SelectBuilder) Scan(dest ...interface{}) error

Scan is a shortcut for QueryRow().Scan.

Example 
var db pgx.Tx

query := Select("id", "created", "first_name").From("users")
query = query.RunWith(db)

var id int
var created time.Time
var firstName string

if err := query.Scan(&id, &created, &firstName); err != nil {
	log.Println(err)
	return
}

Output:

func (SelectBuilder) ScanContext 

func (b SelectBuilder) ScanContext(ctx context.Context, dest ...interface{}) error

ScanContext is a shortcut for QueryRowContext().Scan.

Example 
var db pgx.Tx

query := Select("id", "created", "first_name").From("users")
query = query.RunWith(db)

var id int
var created time.Time
var firstName string

if err := query.ScanContext(ctx, &id, &created, &firstName); err != nil {
	log.Println(err)
	return
}

Output:

func (SelectBuilder) Suffix 

func (b SelectBuilder) Suffix(sql string, args ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

Suffix adds an expression to the end of the query

func (SelectBuilder) SuffixExpr 

func (b SelectBuilder) SuffixExpr(expr Sqlizer) SelectBuilder

SuffixExpr adds an expression to the end of the query

func (SelectBuilder) ToSql 

func (b SelectBuilder) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

ToSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args.

Example 
var db pgx.Tx

query := Select("id", "created", "first_name").From("users")

sql, args, err := query.ToSql()
if err != nil {
	log.Println(err)
	return
}

rows, err := db.Query(context.Background(), sql, args...)
if err != nil {
	log.Println(err)
	return
}

defer rows.Close()

for rows.Next() {
	// scan...
}

Output:

func (SelectBuilder) Where 

func (b SelectBuilder) Where(pred interface{}, args ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

Where adds an expression to the WHERE clause of the query.

Expressions are ANDed together in the generated SQL.

Where accepts several types for its pred argument:

nil OR "" - ignored.

string - SQL expression. If the expression has SQL placeholders then a set of arguments must be passed as well, one for each placeholder.

map[string]interface{} OR Eq - map of SQL expressions to values. Each key is transformed into an expression like "<key> = ?", with the corresponding value bound to the placeholder. If the value is nil, the expression will be "<key> IS NULL". If the value is an array or slice, the expression will be "<key> IN (?,?,...)", with one placeholder for each item in the value. These expressions are ANDed together.

Where will panic if pred isn't any of the above types.

Example 
companyId := 20
Select("id", "created", "first_name").From("users").Where("company = ?", companyId)

Output:
Example (Helpers) 
companyId := 20

Select("id", "created", "first_name").From("users").Where(Eq{
	"company": companyId,
})

Select("id", "created", "first_name").From("users").Where(GtOrEq{
	"created": time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -7),
})

Select("id", "created", "first_name").From("users").Where(And{
	GtOrEq{
		"created": time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -7),
	},
	Eq{
		"company": companyId,
	},
})

Output:
Example (Multiple) 
companyId := 20

// multiple where's are ok

Select("id", "created", "first_name").
	From("users").
	Where("company = ?", companyId).
	Where(GtOrEq{
		"created": time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -7),
	})

Output:

func (SelectBuilder) With added in v1.8.0 

func (b SelectBuilder) With(alias string, expr Sqlizer) SelectBuilder

With adds a non-recursive CTE to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) WithCTE added in v1.8.0 

func (b SelectBuilder) WithCTE(cte Sqlizer) SelectBuilder

WithCTE adds an arbitrary Sqlizer to the query. The sqlizer will be sandwiched between the keyword WITH and, if there's more than one CTE, a comma.

func (SelectBuilder) WithRecursive added in v1.8.0 

func (b SelectBuilder) WithRecursive(alias string, expr Sqlizer) SelectBuilder

WithRecursive adds a recursive CTE to the query.

type Sqlizer 

type Sqlizer interface {
	ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)
}

Sqlizer is the interface that wraps the ToSql method.

ToSql returns a SQL representation of the Sqlizer, along with a slice of args as passed to e.g. database/sql.Exec. It can also return an error.

func Expr 

func Expr(sql string, args ...interface{}) Sqlizer

Expr builds an expression from a SQL fragment and arguments.

Ex: 

Expr("FROM_UNIXTIME(?)", t)

type StatementBuilderType 

type StatementBuilderType builder.Builder

StatementBuilderType is the type of StatementBuilder.

func (StatementBuilderType) Delete 

func (b StatementBuilderType) Delete(from string) DeleteBuilder

Delete returns a DeleteBuilder for this StatementBuilderType.

func (StatementBuilderType) Insert 

func (b StatementBuilderType) Insert(into string) InsertBuilder

Insert returns a InsertBuilder for this StatementBuilderType.

func (StatementBuilderType) PlaceholderFormat 

func (b StatementBuilderType) PlaceholderFormat(f PlaceholderFormat) StatementBuilderType

PlaceholderFormat sets the PlaceholderFormat field for any child builders.

func (StatementBuilderType) Replace 

func (b StatementBuilderType) Replace(into string) InsertBuilder

Replace returns a InsertBuilder for this StatementBuilderType with the statement keyword set to "REPLACE".

func (StatementBuilderType) RunWith 

func (b StatementBuilderType) RunWith(runner BaseRunner) StatementBuilderType

RunWith sets the RunWith field for any child builders.

func (StatementBuilderType) Select 

func (b StatementBuilderType) Select(columns ...string) SelectBuilder

Select returns a SelectBuilder for this StatementBuilderType.

func (StatementBuilderType) Update 

func (b StatementBuilderType) Update(table string) UpdateBuilder

Update returns a UpdateBuilder for this StatementBuilderType.

func (StatementBuilderType) Where 

func (b StatementBuilderType) Where(pred interface{}, args ...interface{}) StatementBuilderType

Where adds WHERE expressions to the query.

See SelectBuilder.Where for more information.

type StdSql 

type StdSql interface {
	Exec(ctx context.Context, sql string, arguments ...interface{}) (commandTag pgconn.CommandTag, err error)
	Query(ctx context.Context, sql string, args ...interface{}) (pgx.Rows, error)
	QueryRow(ctx context.Context, sql string, args ...interface{}) pgx.Row
}

StdPgxSql encompasses the standard methods of the pgx.Tx type, and other types that wrap these methods.

type StmtCache deprecated 

type StmtCache struct {
}

Deprecated: do no use. use pgx default stmt cache

StmtCache was removed in the migration to pgx as the prepare semantics are different between database/sql and pgx

type UpdateBuilder 

type UpdateBuilder builder.Builder

UpdateBuilder builds SQL UPDATE statements.

func Update 

func Update(table string) UpdateBuilder

Update returns a new UpdateBuilder with the given table name.

See UpdateBuilder.Table.

func (UpdateBuilder) Exec 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Exec(ctx context.Context) (pgconn.CommandTag, error)

Exec builds and Execs the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (UpdateBuilder) ExecContext 

func (b UpdateBuilder) ExecContext(ctx context.Context) (pgconn.CommandTag, error)

ExecContext builds and ExecContexts the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (UpdateBuilder) Limit 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Limit(limit uint64) UpdateBuilder

Limit sets a LIMIT clause on the query.

func (UpdateBuilder) MustSql 

func (b UpdateBuilder) MustSql() (string, []interface{})

MustSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args. It panics if there are any errors.

func (UpdateBuilder) Offset 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Offset(offset uint64) UpdateBuilder

Offset sets a OFFSET clause on the query.

func (UpdateBuilder) OrderBy 

func (b UpdateBuilder) OrderBy(orderBys ...string) UpdateBuilder

OrderBy adds ORDER BY expressions to the query.

func (UpdateBuilder) PlaceholderFormat 

func (b UpdateBuilder) PlaceholderFormat(f PlaceholderFormat) UpdateBuilder

PlaceholderFormat sets PlaceholderFormat (e.g. Question or Dollar) for the query.

func (UpdateBuilder) Prefix 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Prefix(sql string, args ...interface{}) UpdateBuilder

Prefix adds an expression to the beginning of the query

func (UpdateBuilder) PrefixExpr 

func (b UpdateBuilder) PrefixExpr(expr Sqlizer) UpdateBuilder

PrefixExpr adds an expression to the very beginning of the query

func (UpdateBuilder) Query 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Query() (pgx.Rows, error)

func (UpdateBuilder) QueryContext 

func (b UpdateBuilder) QueryContext(ctx context.Context) (pgx.Rows, error)

QueryContext builds and QueryContexts the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (UpdateBuilder) QueryRow 

func (b UpdateBuilder) QueryRow() pgx.Row

func (UpdateBuilder) QueryRowContext 

func (b UpdateBuilder) QueryRowContext(ctx context.Context) pgx.Row

QueryRowContext builds and QueryRowContexts the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (UpdateBuilder) RunWith 

func (b UpdateBuilder) RunWith(runner BaseRunner) UpdateBuilder

RunWith sets a Runner (like database/sql.DB) to be used with e.g. Exec.

func (UpdateBuilder) Scan 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Scan(dest ...interface{}) error

func (UpdateBuilder) ScanContext 

func (b UpdateBuilder) ScanContext(ctx context.Context, dest ...interface{}) error

ScanContext is a shortcut for QueryRowContext().Scan.

func (UpdateBuilder) Set 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Set(column string, value interface{}) UpdateBuilder

Set adds SET clauses to the query.

func (UpdateBuilder) SetMap 

func (b UpdateBuilder) SetMap(clauses map[string]interface{}) UpdateBuilder

SetMap is a convenience method which calls .Set for each key/value pair in clauses.

func (UpdateBuilder) Suffix 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Suffix(sql string, args ...interface{}) UpdateBuilder

Suffix adds an expression to the end of the query

func (UpdateBuilder) SuffixExpr 

func (b UpdateBuilder) SuffixExpr(expr Sqlizer) UpdateBuilder

SuffixExpr adds an expression to the end of the query

func (UpdateBuilder) Table 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Table(table string) UpdateBuilder

Table sets the table to be updated.

func (UpdateBuilder) ToSql 

func (b UpdateBuilder) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

ToSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args.

func (UpdateBuilder) Where 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Where(pred interface{}, args ...interface{}) UpdateBuilder

Where adds WHERE expressions to the query.

See SelectBuilder.Where for more information.

Source Files

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Directories

Path Synopsis
integration module

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