check-certs

README

check-cert

Go-based tooling to check/verify certs (e.g., as part of a Nagios service check)

Table of Contents

• Overview
  • check_certs
  • lscert
• Features
• Changelog
• Requirements
  • Building source code
  • Running
• Installation
• Configuration options
  • Command-line arguments
    • check_cert
    • lscert
  • Configuration file
• Examples
  • check_cert Nagios plugin
    • OK results
    • WARNING results
  • lscert CLI tool
    • OK results
    • WARNING results
• License
• References

Overview

This repo contains various tools used to monitor/validate certificates.

Tool Name	Status	Description
check_certs	Alpha	Nagios plugin used to monitor certificate chains
lscert	Alpha	Small CLI app used to generate a summary of certificate metadata and expiration status

check_certs

Nagios plugin used to monitor certificate chains. In addition to the features shared with lscert, this app also validates the provided hostname against the certificate Common Name or one of the available SANs entries.

The output for this application is designed to provide the one-line summary needed by Nagios for quick identification of a problem while providing longer, more detailed information for use in email and Teams notifications (atc0005/send2teams).

lscert

Small CLI tool to print a very basic summary of certificate metadata provided by a remote service at the specified fully-qualified domain name (e.g., www.github.com) and port (e.g., 443) or via a local certificate "bundle" or standalone leaf certificate file

This tool is intended to quickly review the results of replacing a certificate and/or troubleshoot why connections to a certificate-enabled service may be failing.

Features

• Two tools for validating certificates

  • lscert CLI tool
    • verify certificate used by specified service
    • verify local certificate "bundle" or standalone leaf certificate file
  • check_cert Nagios plugin
    • verify certificate used by specified service

• Check expiration of all certificates in the provided certificate chain for cert-enabled services

  • not expired
  • expiring "soon"
    • warning threshold
    • critical threshold

• Validate provided hostname against Common Name or one of the available SANs entries

  • the expected hostname can be supplied by the --server flag or the --dns-name flag

• Optional support for verifying SANs entries on a certificate against a provided list

  • if SKIPSANSCHECKS keyword is supplied as the value no SANs entry checks will be performed; this keyword is useful for defining a shared Nagios check command and service check where some hosts may not use a certificate which has SANs entries defined

• Detailed "report" of findings

  • certificate order
  • certificate type
  • status (OK, CRITICAL, WARNING)
  • SANs entries
  • serial number
  • issuer

• Optional generation of OpenSSL-like text output from target cert-enabled service or filename

  • thanks to the grantae/certinfo package

• Optional, leveled logging using rs/zerolog package

  • JSON-format output (to stderr)
  • choice of disabled, panic, fatal, error, warn, info (the default), debug or trace.

• Optional, user-specified timeout value for TCP connection attempt

• Go modules support (vs classic GOPATH setup)

Changelog

See the CHANGELOG.md file for the changes associated with each release of this application. Changes that have been merged to master, but not yet an official release may also be noted in the file under the Unreleased section. A helpful link to the Git commit history since the last official release is also provided for further review.

Requirements

The following is a loose guideline. Other combinations of Go and operating systems for building and running tools from this repo may work, but have not been tested.

Building source code

• Go 1.13+
• GCC
  • if building with custom options (as the provided Makefile does)
• make
  • if using the provided Makefile

Running

• Windows 7, Server 2008R2 or later
  • per official Go install notes
• Windows 10 Version 1909
  • tested
• Ubuntu Linux 16.04, 18.04

Installation

1. Download Go
2. Install Go
   • NOTE: Pay special attention to the remarks about $HOME/.profile
3. Clone the repo
   1. cd /tmp
   2. git clone https://github.com/atc0005/check-cert
   3. cd check-cert
4. Install dependencies (optional)
   • for Ubuntu Linux
     • sudo apt-get install make gcc
   • for CentOS Linux
     • sudo yum install make gcc
   • for Windows
     • Emulated environments (easier)
       • Skip all of this and build using the default go build command in Windows (see below for use of the -mod=vendor flag)
       • build using Windows Subsystem for Linux Ubuntu environment and just copy out the Windows binaries from that environment
       • If already running a Docker environment, use a container with the Go tool-chain already installed
       • If already familiar with LXD, create a container and follow the installation steps given previously to install required dependencies
     • Native tooling (harder)
       • see the StackOverflow Question 32127524 link in the References section for potential options for installing make on Windows
       • see the mingw-w64 project homepage link in the References section for options for installing gcc and related packages on Windows
5. Build binaries
   • for the current operating system, explicitly using bundled dependencies in top-level vendor folder
     • go build -mod=vendor ./cmd/check_cert/
     • go build -mod=vendor ./cmd/lscert/
   • for all supported platforms (where make is installed)
     • make all
   • for use on Windows
     • make windows
   • for use on Linux
     • make linux
6. Copy the newly compiled binary from the applicable /tmp subdirectory path (based on the clone instructions in this section) below and deploy where needed.
   • if using Makefile
     • look in /tmp/check-cert/release_assets/check_cert/
     • look in /tmp/check-cert/release_assets/lscert/
   • if using go build
     • look in /tmp/check-cert/

Configuration options

Command-line arguments

• Use the -h or --help flag to display current usage information.
• Flags marked as required must be set via CLI flag or within a TOML-formatted configuration file.
• Flags not marked as required are for settings where a useful default is already defined, but may be overridden if desired.

check_cert

Flag	Required	Default	Repeat	Possible	Description
h, help	No	false	No	h, help	Show Help text along with the list of supported flags.
v, version	No	false	No	v, version	Whether to display application version and then immediately exit application.
branding	No	false	No	branding	Toggles emission of branding details with plugin status details. This output is disabled by default.
c, age-critical	No	15	No	positive whole number	The number of days remaining before certificate expiration when this application will will flag the NotAfter certificate field as a CRITICAL state.
w, age-warning	No	30	No	positive whole number	The number of days remaining before certificate expiration when this application will will flag the NotAfter certificate field as a WARNING state.
ll, log-level	No	info	No	disabled, panic, fatal, error, warn, info, debug, trace	Log message priority filter. Log messages with a lower level are ignored.
p, port	No	443	No	positive whole number between 1-65535, inclusive	TCP port of the remote certificate-enabled service. This is usually 443 (HTTPS) or 636 (LDAPS).
t, timeout	No	10	No	positive whole number	Timeout value in seconds allowed before the connection attempt to a remote certificate-enabled service is abandoned and an error returned.
se, sans-entries	No			comma-separated list of values	One or many Subject Alternate Names (SANs) expected for the certificate used by the remote service. If provided, this list of comma-separated (optional) values is required for the certificate to pass validation. If the case-insensitive SKIPSANSCHECKS keyword is provided this validation will be skipped, effectively turning the use of this flag into a NOOP.
s, server	Yes			fully-qualified domain name or IP Address	The fully-qualified domain name or IP Address of the remote system whose cert(s) will be monitored. The value provided will be validated against the Common Name and Subject Alternate Names fields unless the dns-name flag is also specified, in which case this value is only used for making the initial connection.
dn, dns-name	No			fully-qualified domain name or IP Address	The fully-qualified domain name of the remote system to be used for hostname verification. This option can be used for cases where the initial connection is made using a name or IP Address not associated with the certificate.

lscert

Flag	Required	Default	Repeat	Possible	Description
h, help	No	false	No	h, help	Show Help text along with the list of supported flags.
v, version	No	false	No	v, version	Whether to display application version and then immediately exit application.
c, age-critical	No	15	No	positive whole number	The number of days remaining before certificate expiration when this application will will flag the NotAfter certificate field as a CRITICAL state.
w, age-warning	No	30	No	positive whole number	The number of days remaining before certificate expiration when this application will will flag the NotAfter certificate field as a WARNING state.
f, filename	No	false	No	valid file name characters	Fully-qualified path to a file containing one or more certificates.
text	No	false	No	true, false	Toggles emission of x509 TLS certificates in an OpenSSL-inspired text format. This output is disabled by default.
ll, log-level	No	info	No	disabled, panic, fatal, error, warn, info, debug, trace	Log message priority filter. Log messages with a lower level are ignored.
p, port	No	443	No	positive whole number between 1-65535, inclusive	TCP port of the remote certificate-enabled service. This is usually 443 (HTTPS) or 636 (LDAPS).
t, timeout	No	10	No	positive whole number	Timeout value in seconds allowed before the connection attempt to a remote certificate-enabled service is abandoned and an error returned.
se, sans-entries	No			comma-separated list of values	One or many Subject Alternate Names (SANs) expected for the certificate used by the remote service. If provided, this list of comma-separated (optional) values is required for the certificate to pass validation. If the case-insensitive SKIPSANSCHECKS keyword is provided this validation will be skipped, effectively turning the use of this flag into a NOOP.
s, server	Yes			fully-qualified domain name or IP Address	The fully-qualified domain name or IP Address of the remote system whose cert(s) will be monitored. The value provided will be validated against the Common Name and Subject Alternate Names fields unless the dns-name flag is also specified, in which case this value is only used for making the initial connection.
dn, dns-name	No			fully-qualified domain name or IP Address	The fully-qualified domain name of the remote system to be used for hostname verification. This option can be used for cases where the initial connection is made using a name or IP Address not associated with the certificate.

Configuration file

Not currently supported. This feature may be added later if there is sufficient interest.

Examples

check_cert Nagios plugin

OK results

This example shows using the Nagios plugin to manually check a remote certificate-enabled port on www.google.com. We override the default WARNING and CRITICAL age threshold values with somewhat arbitrary numbers.

.\check_cert.exe --server www.google.com --port 443 --age-critical 50 --age-warning 55
OK: leaf cert "www.google.com" expires next (on 2020-08-12 12:08:31 +0000 UTC)

**ERRORS**

* None

**DETAILED INFO**

Certificate 1 of 2 (leaf):
        Name: CN=www.google.com,O=Google LLC,L=Mountain View,ST=California,C=US
        SANs entries: [www.google.com]
        KeyID: D:94:9F:90:8A:5C:E:B5:B5:DB:B7:79:7F:6A:9:42:3A:4D:CC:D4
        Issuer: CN=GTS CA 1O1,O=Google Trust Services,C=US
        IssuerKeyID: 98:D1:F8:6E:10:EB:CF:9B:EC:60:9F:18:90:1B:A0:EB:7D:9:FD:2B
        Serial: 41166161160297429311704478035915443513
        Expiration: 2020-08-12 12:08:31 +0000 UTC
        Status: [OK] 66d 23h remaining

Certificate 2 of 2 (intermediate):
        Name: CN=GTS CA 1O1,O=Google Trust Services,C=US
        SANs entries: []
        KeyID: 98:D1:F8:6E:10:EB:CF:9B:EC:60:9F:18:90:1B:A0:EB:7D:9:FD:2B
        Issuer: CN=GlobalSign,OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2,O=GlobalSign
        IssuerKeyID: 9B:E2:7:57:67:1C:1E:C0:6A:6:DE:59:B4:9A:2D:DF:DC:19:86:2E
        Serial: 149699596615803609916394524856
        Expiration: 2021-12-15 00:00:42 +0000 UTC
        Status: [OK] 556d 11h remaining

See the WARNING example output for additional details.

WARNING results

Here we do the same thing again, but using the expiration date values returned earlier as a starting point, we intentionally move the threshold values in order to trigger a WARNING state for the leaf certificate: if the leaf certificate is good for 66 days and 23 hours more, we indicate that warnings that should triggered once the cert has fewer than 67 days left.

.\check_cert.exe --server www.google.com --port 443 --age-critical 50 --age-warning 67
{"level":"warn","version":"x.y.z","logging_level":"info","server":"www.google.com","port":443,"age_warning":67,"age_critical":50,"expected_sans_entries":"","error":"1 certificates expired or expiring","expiring_certs":1,"caller":"T:/github/check-cert/cmd/check_cert/main.go:218","message":"expired certs present in chain"}
WARNING: Invalid certificate chain for "www.google.com" [EXPIRED: 0, EXPIRING: 1, OK: 1]

**ERRORS**

* 1 certificates expired or expiring

**DETAILED INFO**

Certificate 1 of 2 (leaf):
        Name: CN=www.google.com,O=Google LLC,L=Mountain View,ST=California,C=US
        SANs entries: [www.google.com]
        KeyID: D:94:9F:90:8A:5C:E:B5:B5:DB:B7:79:7F:6A:9:42:3A:4D:CC:D4
        Issuer: CN=GTS CA 1O1,O=Google Trust Services,C=US
        IssuerKeyID: 98:D1:F8:6E:10:EB:CF:9B:EC:60:9F:18:90:1B:A0:EB:7D:9:FD:2B
        Serial: 41166161160297429311704478035915443513
        Expiration: 2020-08-12 12:08:31 +0000 UTC
        Status: [WARNING] 66d 23h remaining

Certificate 2 of 2 (intermediate):
        Name: CN=GTS CA 1O1,O=Google Trust Services,C=US
        SANs entries: []
        KeyID: 98:D1:F8:6E:10:EB:CF:9B:EC:60:9F:18:90:1B:A0:EB:7D:9:FD:2B
        Issuer: CN=GlobalSign,OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2,O=GlobalSign
        IssuerKeyID: 9B:E2:7:57:67:1C:1E:C0:6A:6:DE:59:B4:9A:2D:DF:DC:19:86:2E
        Serial: 149699596615803609916394524856
        Expiration: 2021-12-15 00:00:42 +0000 UTC
        Status: [OK] 556d 11h remaining

Some items to note (in order of appearance):

1. JSON output providing structured logging information
   • this is sent to stderr
   • Nagios ignores stderr output from plugins; stdout is for Nagios, stderr is for humans
2. The one-line status output on the second line
   • this is used by Nagios for display in an overview view for all service checkout for a host
   • this is used by Nagios for text, email and whatever else notifications (if configured)
3. The ERRORS section notes briefly what is wrong with the cert
4. The DETAILED INFO section contains an overview of the certificate chain
   • this is used by Nagios for display on the detailed service check-specific page (e.g., shows last check time, frequency, current state, etc)
   • as for the one-line output, this is used by Nagios for text, email and whatever other notifications may be configured
5. The Status field for the leaf certificate changed from OK to WARNING and this plugin set the appropriate exit code to let Nagios know of the state change.

lscert CLI tool

OK results

This example shows using the CLI app to perform the same initial check that we performed earlier using the Nagios plugin.

.\lscert.exe --server www.google.com --port 443 --age-critical 50 --age-warning 55

Connecting to remote server "www.google.com" at port 443


======================
CERTIFICATES | SUMMARY
======================

- OK: 2 certs found for service running on www.google.com at port 443
- OK: Provided hostname matches discovered certificate
- FYI: leaf cert "www.google.com" expires next (on 2020-08-12 12:08:31 +0000 UTC)

============================
CERTIFICATES | CHAIN DETAILS
============================

Certificate 1 of 2 (leaf):
        Name: CN=www.google.com,O=Google LLC,L=Mountain View,ST=California,C=US
        SANs entries: [www.google.com]
        KeyID: D:94:9F:90:8A:5C:E:B5:B5:DB:B7:79:7F:6A:9:42:3A:4D:CC:D4
        Issuer: CN=GTS CA 1O1,O=Google Trust Services,C=US
        IssuerKeyID: 98:D1:F8:6E:10:EB:CF:9B:EC:60:9F:18:90:1B:A0:EB:7D:9:FD:2B
        Serial: 41166161160297429311704478035915443513
        Expiration: 2020-08-12 12:08:31 +0000 UTC
        Status: [OK] 66d 23h remaining

Certificate 2 of 2 (intermediate):
        Name: CN=GTS CA 1O1,O=Google Trust Services,C=US
        SANs entries: []
        KeyID: 98:D1:F8:6E:10:EB:CF:9B:EC:60:9F:18:90:1B:A0:EB:7D:9:FD:2B
        Issuer: CN=GlobalSign,OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2,O=GlobalSign
        IssuerKeyID: 9B:E2:7:57:67:1C:1E:C0:6A:6:DE:59:B4:9A:2D:DF:DC:19:86:2E
        Serial: 149699596615803609916394524856
        Expiration: 2021-12-15 00:00:42 +0000 UTC
        Status: [OK] 556d 11h remaining

WARNING results

.\lscert.exe --server www.google.com --port 443 --age-critical 50 --age-warning 67

Connecting to remote server "www.google.com" at port 443


======================
CERTIFICATES | SUMMARY
======================

- OK: 2 certs found for service running on www.google.com at port 443
- OK: Provided hostname matches discovered certificate
- WARNING: 1 certificates expiring soon
- FYI: leaf cert "www.google.com" expires next (on 2020-08-12 12:08:31 +0000 UTC)

============================
CERTIFICATES | CHAIN DETAILS
============================

Certificate 1 of 2 (leaf):
        Name: CN=www.google.com,O=Google LLC,L=Mountain View,ST=California,C=US
        SANs entries: [www.google.com]
        KeyID: D:94:9F:90:8A:5C:E:B5:B5:DB:B7:79:7F:6A:9:42:3A:4D:CC:D4
        Issuer: CN=GTS CA 1O1,O=Google Trust Services,C=US
        IssuerKeyID: 98:D1:F8:6E:10:EB:CF:9B:EC:60:9F:18:90:1B:A0:EB:7D:9:FD:2B
        Serial: 41166161160297429311704478035915443513
        Expiration: 2020-08-12 12:08:31 +0000 UTC
        Status: [WARNING] 66d 23h remaining

Certificate 2 of 2 (intermediate):
        Name: CN=GTS CA 1O1,O=Google Trust Services,C=US
        SANs entries: []
        KeyID: 98:D1:F8:6E:10:EB:CF:9B:EC:60:9F:18:90:1B:A0:EB:7D:9:FD:2B
        Issuer: CN=GlobalSign,OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2,O=GlobalSign
        IssuerKeyID: 9B:E2:7:57:67:1C:1E:C0:6A:6:DE:59:B4:9A:2D:DF:DC:19:86:2E
        Serial: 149699596615803609916394524856
        Expiration: 2021-12-15 00:00:42 +0000 UTC
        Status: [OK] 556d 11h remaining

In general, the differences between the OK and WARNING output for the two tools is minor. However, unlike the check_cert Nagios plugin where we are limited to one line of summary output, the lscert CLI tool doesn't share the same output requirements and can be more expressive (e.g., such as the summary section to highlight particular items of interest).

License

From the LICENSE file:

MIT License

Copyright (c) 2020 Adam Chalkley

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

References

• https://github.com/grantae/certinfo
• https://github.com/rs/zerolog
• https://github.com/atc0005/go-nagios
• https://nagios-plugins.org/doc/guidelines.html

Documentation

Overview

This repo contains various tools used to monitor/validate certificates.

PROJECT HOME

See our GitHub repo (https://github.com/atc0005/check-cert) for the latest code, to file an issue or submit improvements for review and potential inclusion into the project.

PURPOSE

Monitor/validate certificates.

FEATURES

• Nagios plugin for monitoring certificates of certificate-enabled services • CLI tool for verifying certificates of certificate-enabled services or files

USAGE - check_cert Nagios plugin

check_cert x.y.z (https://github.com/atc0005/check-cert)

Usage of check_cert:
-age-critical int
        The number of days remaining before certificate expiration when Nagios will return a CRITICAL state (default 15)
-age-warning int
        The number of days remaining before certificate expiration when Nagios will return a WARNING state (default 30)
-branding
        Toggles emission of branding details with plugin status details. This output is disabled by default.
-c int
        The number of days remaining before certificate expiration when Nagios will return a CRITICAL state (default 15)
-dn string
        The fully-qualified domain name of the remote system to be used for hostname verification. This option can be used for cases where make the initial connection using a name or IP not associated with the certificate.
-dns-name string
        The fully-qualified domain name of the remote system to be used for hostname verification. This option can be used for cases where make the initial connection using a name or IP not associated with the certificate.
-ll string
        Sets log level to one of disabled, panic, fatal, error, warn, info, debug or trace. (default "info")
-log-level string
        Sets log level to one of disabled, panic, fatal, error, warn, info, debug or trace. (default "info")
-p int
        TCP port of the remote certificate-enabled service. This is usually 443 (HTTPS) or 636 (LDAPS). (default 443)
-port int
        TCP port of the remote certificate-enabled service. This is usually 443 (HTTPS) or 636 (LDAPS). (default 443)
-s string
        The fully-qualified domain name or IP Address of the remote system whose cert(s) will be monitored. The value provided will be validated against the Common Name and Subject Alternate Names fields.
-sans-entries value
        One or many Subject Alternate Names (SANs) expected for the certificate used by the remote service. If provided, this list of comma-separated (optional) values is required for the certificate to pass validation. If the case-insensitive SKIPSANSCHECKS keyword is provided this validation will be skipped, effectively turning the use of this flag into a NOOP.
-se value
        One or many Subject Alternate Names (SANs) expected for the certificate used by the remote service. If provided, this list of comma-separated (optional) values is required for the certificate to pass validation. If the case-insensitive SKIPSANSCHECKS keyword is provided this validation will be skipped, effectively turning the use of this flag into a NOOP.
-server string
        The fully-qualified domain name or IP Address of the remote system whose cert(s) will be monitored. The value provided will be validated against the Common Name and Subject Alternate Names fields.
-v    Whether to display application version and then immediately exit application.
-version
        Whether to display application version and then immediately exit application.
-w int
        The number of days remaining before certificate expiration when Nagios will return a WARNING state (default 30)

USAGE - lscert CLI tool

lscert x.y.z (https://github.com/atc0005/check-cert)

Usage of lscert:
-age-critical int
        The number of days remaining before certificate expiration when this application will will flag the NotAfter certificate field as a CRITICAL state. (default 15)
-age-warning int
        The number of days remaining before certificate expiration when this application will will flag the NotAfter certificate field as a WARNING state. (default 30)
-c int
        The number of days remaining before certificate expiration when this application will will flag the NotAfter certificate field as a CRITICAL state. (default 15)
-dn string
        The fully-qualified domain name of the remote system to be used for hostname verification. This option can be used for cases where make the initial connection using a name or IP not associated with the certificate.
-dns-name string
        The fully-qualified domain name of the remote system to be used for hostname verification. This option can be used for cases where make the initial connection using a name or IP not associated with the certificate.
-filename string
        Fully-qualified path to a file containing one or more certificates
-ll string
        Sets log level to one of disabled, panic, fatal, error, warn, info, debug or trace. (default "info")
-log-level string
        Sets log level to one of disabled, panic, fatal, error, warn, info, debug or trace. (default "info")
-p int
        TCP port of the remote certificate-enabled service. This is usually 443 (HTTPS) or 636 (LDAPS). (default 443)
-port int
        TCP port of the remote certificate-enabled service. This is usually 443 (HTTPS) or 636 (LDAPS). (default 443)
-s string
        The fully-qualified domain name or IP Address of the remote system whose cert(s) will be monitored. The value provided will be validated against the Common Name and Subject Alternate Names fields.
-sans-entries value
        One or many Subject Alternate Names (SANs) expected for the certificate used by the remote service. If provided, this list of comma-separated (optional) values is required for the certificate to pass validation. If the case-insensitive SKIPSANSCHECKS keyword is provided this validation will be skipped, effectively turning the use of this flag into a NOOP.
-se value
        One or many Subject Alternate Names (SANs) expected for the certificate used by the remote service. If provided, this list of comma-separated (optional) values is required for the certificate to pass validation. If the case-insensitive SKIPSANSCHECKS keyword is provided this validation will be skipped, effectively turning the use of this flag into a NOOP.
-server string
        The fully-qualified domain name or IP Address of the remote system whose cert(s) will be monitored. The value provided will be validated against the Common Name and Subject Alternate Names fields.
-text
        Toggles emission of x509 TLS certificates in an OpenSSL-inspired text format. This output is disabled by default.
-v    Whether to display application version and then immediately exit application.
-version
        Whether to display application version and then immediately exit application.
-w int
        The number of days remaining before certificate expiration when this application will will flag the NotAfter certificate field as a WARNING state. (default 30)