bridge

README

bridge

An OpenID Connect provider in front of a SAML federation. People log in at their own university, through RENATER's Fédération Éducation-Recherche or eduGAIN, and applications get an OpenID Connect token. Pure Go, CGO_ENABLED=0, one binary.

go install github.com/go-authn/bridge@latest

bridge keygen   --key /var/lib/bridge/oidc.key --salt /var/lib/bridge/salt
bridge metadata --config /etc/bridge.d > sp.xml     # register this with the federation
bridge check    --config /etc/bridge.d
bridge          --config /etc/bridge.d

It does what SATOSA does for RENATER, which RENATER's technical framework names as the gateway a bilateral-trust product such as Keycloak needs. The SAML half is go-authn/saml.

The configuration

issuer            = "https://login.example.org"
signing_key_file  = "/var/lib/bridge/oidc.key"   # bridge keygen --key
subject_salt_file = "/var/lib/bridge/salt"       # bridge keygen --salt; NEVER change it

saml {
  key_file  = "/etc/bridge/saml.key"             # IdPs encrypt assertions to this
  cert_file = "/etc/bridge/saml.crt"

  metadata_url         = "https://pub.federation.renater.fr/metadata/fer/idps.xml"
  metadata_cert_file   = "/etc/bridge/metadata-signature-2026.pem"
  metadata_fingerprint = "68:2F:20:58:41:9E:D0:79:EB:FE:3C:27:D6:A4:A4:09:39:6F:AE:3F:10:5F:22:EA:04:0F:04:F3:78:2D:5C:C0"

  discovery = "https://discovery.renater.fr/renater"   # or leave it out for this provider's own list
  # idps    = ["https://idp.univ-example.fr/idp/shibboleth"]   # restrict; one entry skips the choice

  names             = { fr = "Passerelle OIDC de l'IRHC", en = "IRHC OIDC gateway" }
  technical_contact = "admin@example.org"
}

claims {
  username = "eppn"            # becomes preferred_username: eppn, subject_id, uid or mail
  groups   = ["entitlement"]   # becomes groups: entitlement, scoped_affiliation, affiliation, is_member_of
}

client "fileshare-web" {
  secret_file   = "/etc/bridge/fileshare-web.secret"   # absent: a public client
  redirect_uris = ["https://files.example.org/callback"]
  audience      = ["fileshare"]                         # what the access token is for
}

The metadata signing certificate is pinned by its fingerprint, which is checked at every start: a key that arrives over the same channel as the document it vouches for vouches for nothing. RENATER publishes the fingerprint on its metadata page; the one above is the 2026 certificate's.

What an application gets

flow	authorization code, with PKCE S256 required for every client
ID token	RS256, aud = the client, nonce, auth_time, acr (the IdP's authentication context), at_hash
access token	RS256, typ: at+jwt (RFC 9068), aud = the client's audience, with preferred_username and groups so that a resource server can decide without asking anybody
sub	an HMAC of the institution's identifier under the salt: stable, not reversible, not an address. public (the same for every client) or pairwise per client (OIDC Core 8.1)
scopes	profile (name, given_name, family_name, preferred_username), email, eduperson (AARC-G056 names: eduperson_principal_name, eduperson_scoped_affiliation, eduperson_entitlement, entitlements, schac_home_organization, voperson_id...), groups

The identifier behind sub is chosen in RENATER's order of preference: subject-id, then pairwise-id, then eduPersonPrincipalName, then the deprecated eduPersonTargetedID, then a persistent NameID. Mail is never an identifier, and there is no email_verified: the IdP asserted an address, which is not the same as anybody having verified that the person reads it.

prompt=none becomes IsPassive, and an IdP with no session answers login_required. prompt=login and max_age become ForceAuthn. acr_values becomes RequestedAuthnContext -- and an IdP that ignores the request (they may) is refused, so a client that asked for REFEDS MFA is never told it got a second factor when it did not.

What it refuses

	why
an authorization request without PKCE S256	RFC 7636 makes plain the default when no method is given, so a missing method is refused rather than read as S256
a redirect URI not registered exactly	shown on the page, never sent to the URI: an error sent anywhere a request names is an open redirector. Loopback URIs may change port (RFC 8252)
a parameter twice	RFC 6749 3.1
a code used twice	refused, and the token the first use bought stops working (RFC 6749 4.1.2)
a code exchanged by another client, with another redirect URI, or the wrong verifier	a code is bound to all three
a public client that sends a secret	it is configured as something it is not
an IdP response delivered into another browser	the login is found through a cookie, not through the RelayState the response carries -- otherwise anybody could log somebody else in as themselves
an IdP that releases no persistent identifier	nobody could be recognised twice
everything go-authn/saml refuses	unsigned or SHA-1 assertions, several assertions, replay, foreign scopes, unauthenticated CBC...

And at configuration time: an issuer that is not https, a salt under 32 bytes, an RSA key under 2048 bits, a code lifetime over ten minutes, a client secret somebody can guess, a redirect over cleartext http, a restricted IdP list together with RENATER's discovery service (which cannot be restricted).

Verified against things this repository did not write

• The federation and the IdP are xmlsec1: it signs the federation's metadata and signs and encrypts every response (AES-128-GCM, RSA-OAEP, Response signed -- a Shibboleth IdP v5's defaults).
• The relying party is golang.org/x/oauth2 and coreos/go-oidc: they discover the provider, build the request with PKCE, exchange the code, verify the ID token with its nonce and at_hash, and ask /userinfo.
• The access token is checked by go-authn/oidc with audience fileshare, exactly as go-fileshare checks the tokens WebDAV clients bring it; and the ID token is refused there.
• The ACME CA is Pebble, Let's Encrypt's test CA, with External Account Binding required: it refuses a wrong MAC key, validates tls-alpn-01 against the listener itself, and the certificate served chains to its root.
• The refusals were sabotage-checked: PKCE made optional, redirect URIs matched by prefix, the login found through RelayState, the replay revocation, the code's binding to its client, verifier and redirect URI, the scopes, the token type, email_verified, and a public client's secret each turn a test red.

Without a browser: the device grant, and bridge token

A WebDAV client, a script, a terminal has no browser to send to a university. It asks for a code instead (RFC 8628), and the person logs in on any other device:

client "rclone" {
  device           = true
  audience         = ["fileshare"]
  refresh_lifetime = "720h"     # refresh tokens, off unless set
  name             = "rclone (WebDAV)"
}

bridge token --issuer https://login.example.org --client rclone

prints an access token, logging in the first time and refreshing quietly after that -- which is exactly rclone's bearer_token_command for go-fileshare over WebDAV. It is golang.org/x/oauth2's device client, not one written here.

user codes	eight letters from RFC 8628's alphabet (no vowels, no digits), ten tries per address per ten minutes
the confirmation page	names the application and says to refuse a code somebody else sent: RFC 8628 5.4's remote phishing, where the ATTACKER's device gets the token
polling	slow_down adds five seconds for good; a device code buys one set of tokens
refresh tokens	rotate (RFC 9700 4.14.2) inside a family whose end is fixed at the login; a retired one used again revokes the family and the access tokens it bought

SSH certificates, for SFTP

ssh_ca {
  key_file = "/var/lib/bridge/ssh-ca"   # bridge keygen --ssh-ca
  validity = "12h"
}
client "sftp" {
  device           = true
  ssh_certificates = true
}

bridge ssh-cert --issuer ... --client sftp logs in with a code and writes ~/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert.pub, where ssh and sftp find it. The certificate has exactly one principal, the preferred_username -- PROTOCOL.certkeys makes an empty list valid for ANY user, so there is never one -- no permit-* extension, the person's groups in groups@go-authn.org, and it ends with the IdP's session when that is sooner. go-fileshare trusts it with oidc { ssh_ca_file }.

Application passwords, for SMB and S3

NTLMv2 and SigV4 prove a secret the server must already hold, so no token will do. bridge app-password --issuer ... --client files sets one, generated, shown once, into a database go-fileshare reads with a users "sql" block:

app_passwords {
  driver   = "sqlite"          # or postgres, mysql
  dsn_file = "/etc/bridge/apppw.dsn"
  store    = ["nt_hash"]       # SMB only: the default. Add "password" for S3.
  lifetime = "2160h"
}

What is stored is what the protocols need: the NT hash for SMB, the password itself only when S3 is asked for.

The table is login, password, nt_hash, expires, idp (idp, the institution that vouched, since v0.4.0). Name the columns in go-fileshare's query, never *: go-authn/directory's sqldir reads them by position and refuses more than it knows, so a * breaks at the first restart after a column is added:

-- sqlite; PostgreSQL: expires > extract(epoch from now())
select login, password, nt_hash from app_passwords where expires > strftime('%s','now')

(This is the query the tests run through sqldir.)

OpenPubkey and opkssh

OpenPubkey commits the user's key in the ID token's nonce, and opkssh turns that into SSH logins with no CA at all. This provider does what that needs: the nonce comes back verbatim in the code flow and in the device flow (where the openpubkey client sends it on the device authorization request), RS256 so that GQ signatures work, and

retired_signing_key_files = ["/var/lib/bridge/oidc-2026-03.key"]

because a PK Token outlives the ID token inside it and the openpubkey verifier only fetches the keys published now: a retired key stays in the JWKS, verifying and never signing, for at least the longest PK Token lifetime any verifier allows (opkssh: a day by default, up to a week). Give opkssh a client of its own -- http://localhost:3000/login-callback and its two siblings as redirect URIs -- because its ID token travels to every server it logs into.

Judged by the openpubkey library itself: its client makes PK Tokens through the device flow, with GQ signatures, and through the loopback code flow; its verifier accepts them, and refuses one signed by a key no longer published.

TLS: from files, or from an ACME CA

Both are go-authn/servercert's, shared with go-fileshare. The public listener serves TLS itself when told to, or plain HTTP behind a reverse proxy. From files -- certbot's, a Kubernetes secret -- which are read again when they change (compared by content at most every 10 seconds; a pair that does not load yet, the certificate renewed before its key, keeps the one that did):

cert_file = "/etc/letsencrypt/live/login.example.org/fullchain.pem"
key_file  = "/etc/letsencrypt/live/login.example.org/privkey.pem"

Or from an ACME CA, for the issuer's host and no other:

acme {
  accept_terms_of_service = true             # the operator's agreement; no default
  cache_dir = "/var/lib/bridge/acme"        # account key and certificates
  email     = "noc@example.org"
  # Let's Encrypt by default: tls-alpn-01 on the listener itself, which then
  # has to be the one on port 443; or http-01 with
  # http_listen = ":80"                      # which also redirects to https
}

GÉANT TCS -- what French institutions get through RENATER, issued by HARICA since 2025 -- is ACME with External Account Binding. With an Enterprise Admin ACME account the domains are validated in HARICA's portal beforehand, so no challenge is asked and nothing has to reach the provider from outside:

acme {
  accept_terms_of_service = true
  directory_url     = "<the ACME directory URL cm.harica.gr shows for the account>"
  eab_key_id        = "<key id from cm.harica.gr>"
  eab_hmac_key_file = "/etc/bridge/harica-eab.key"   # the HMAC key, base64url
  email             = "noc@example.org"             # HARICA requires one
  cache_dir         = "/var/lib/bridge/acme"
}

directory_ca_file trusts a private ACME CA (step-ca) for the directory's own TLS.

⛔ golang.org/x/crypto/acme (v0.57.0) polls a finalized order at the URL in the finalize response's Location header, which RFC 8555 does not put there (golang/go#77704): Let's Encrypt sends one, Pebble and Buypass do not, and a CA that does not gets its certificate never fetched. servercert learns each order's URL from the new-order response, where RFC 8555 does require it, and supplies it. Whether HARICA sends the header is not known here; with this, it does not matter.

⛔ The SAML key and certificate (saml { key_file cert_file }) are not this certificate and never change with it: they are in the federation's metadata, and every IdP encrypts to them.

ssh-oidc (KIT: oidc-agent, mccli, motley-cue, pam-ssh-oidc)

ssh-oidc logs people into SSH with an access token: oidc-agent gets it, mccli sends it, motley-cue on the server checks it at this provider's /userinfo and maps the person to a local account. It needs nothing this provider lacks -- no dynamic registration, no introspection, no token exchange -- only a client for oidc-agent:

client "oidc-agent" {
  # public: oidc-gen --pub --client-id oidc-agent
  redirect_uris    = ["http://localhost:8080", "http://localhost:4242", "http://localhost:43985"]
  device           = true
  refresh_lifetime = "720h"   # oidc-agent refuses a provider that gives no refresh token
  audience         = ["ssh"]  # what motley-cue's audience says
}

and on the server, in motley_cue.conf:

[authorisation.bridge]
op_url = https://login.example.org
scopes = ["openid", "profile", "email", "eduperson"]
vo_claim = eduperson_entitlement   # or groups
audience = ssh

What to know, read in their sources (not yet run end to end):

• sub must be public (the default): motley-cue keys an account on sub, and a pairwise sub is one per client -- the same person through two clients would get two accounts.

• Tokens and the 1023 characters OpenSSH reads as a keyboard-interactive answer: an RS256 access token with a 3072-bit key is about 1150 characters before any group. Sign access tokens with a P-256 key instead -- ID tokens stay RS256 --

  access_token_key_file = "/var/lib/bridge/access-token.key"   # bridge keygen --access-token-key
  

  and one with a long eppn and three AARC entitlements is 953 (measured). Past that, mccli asks motley-cue for a one-time password instead, which motley-cue allows by default; a token pasted into plain ssh has to fit. go-authn/oidc (go-fileshare), coreos/go-oidc and flaat (motley-cue) all verify ES256.

• /userinfo is how motley-cue checks every token, and it answers from memory: after this provider restarts, tokens handed out before are refused there until the person gets a new one.

Running it: the admin API, health and metrics

Both are off unless the configuration asks for them, and neither is ever on the public listener:

admin {
  listen = "unix:///run/bridge/admin.sock"      # mode 0600
  # or, over the network, mutual TLS and nothing less (loopback included):
  # listen         = "10.0.0.5:9443"
  # tls_cert_file  = "/etc/bridge/admin.crt"
  # tls_key_file   = "/etc/bridge/admin.key"
  # client_ca_file = "/etc/bridge/operators-ca.crt"
  # reflection     = true                       # for grpcurl; off by default
}

metrics { listen = "127.0.0.1:9101" }           # /healthz /readyz /metrics

The admin API is gRPC, bridge.admin.v1.AdminService (proto/bridge/admin/v1/admin.proto), with grpc.health.v1 beside it:

Status	version, the federation's metadata (IdPs, valid until, last refresh, last error), what is held in memory
RefreshMetadata	fetch the federation's metadata now
ListIdPs, ListClients	what the institution list shows, and the configured relying parties
RevokePerson	end somebody's refresh token families, the access tokens they bought, their logins in progress and their application password
DisablePerson, EnablePerson	refuse somebody here -- at login and at every token, whatever their institution says -- and revoke what they hold; optionally until a given time
DisableIdP, EnableIdP	the same for everybody one institution vouches for: when its IdP is compromised, say. A metadata refresh does not lift it
ListDisabled	who is disabled, why, by whom, until when

Disabling is kept in a file, and refused without one -- somebody disabled until the next restart would be let back in by the next deployment:

disabled_file = "/var/lib/bridge/disabled.json"   # written whole, mode 0600

A file that cannot be read stops the provider from starting, for the same reason. Disabling an institution also removes its people's application passwords: those set from this version on carry the IdP that vouched for them, and older ones are found by their scope when the username is scoped (eppn, subject-id).

⛔ A removed application password stops working in go-fileshare when it next reads its directory -- today, at its restart. Everything that comes back to this provider is refused at once; SMB and S3 are not until then.

There are no users or groups to add or delete here. People exist because their institution vouches for them, and their groups are what it asserts; the closest provider to this one, Dex, has no call to change them either. Who may use what is decided by the service they reach -- a share in go-fileshare names the groups it admits -- and a local list of people and groups is go-authn/directory's.

Every call that changes something is logged with who made it: the client certificate's cn= over TLS, the peer's uid= on the socket. The listener is grpc-transports/control, shared with go-fileshare: the socket is never reachable by another user, not even between bind and chmod, and never taken from an instance still running.

⛔ What RevokePerson cannot end: an access token already handed out is a signed statement a resource server checks on its own, valid there until it expires (an hour by default). Everything that comes back to this provider -- a refresh, /userinfo, an SSH certificate or an application password asked with that token -- is refused at once; an SSH certificate already issued lasts its validity, which is why that is short.

Health and metrics are go-net-health/endpoint's, as in go-fileshare: /healthz is up while the process answers; /readyz is ready while the federation's metadata is loaded and still valid (a provider past its validUntil knows no IdP); /metrics is Prometheus text 0.0.4 with bridge_* families -- logins by outcome, tokens by grant, SSH certificates, application passwords, metadata validity and refreshes, what is held in memory. No label names a person or an institution: which universities' people use the service, and when, is not this provider's to publish.

-tags nogrpc leaves gRPC out (4.1 MB of the binary) and refuses a configuration with an admin block, rather than starting without it.

What it is not, yet

• One process. Logins in progress, codes, device grants, refresh tokens and issued tokens live in memory: a restart costs people one login, and two instances behind a load balancer would each know half of them.
• No dynamic registration, no front- or back-channel logout.

Licence

BSD-3-Clause.

Documentation

Overview

Command bridge is an OpenID Connect provider in front of a SAML federation such as RENATER or eduGAIN: people log in at their own institution, and applications get an OpenID Connect token.

bridge keygen   --key /var/lib/bridge/oidc.key --salt /var/lib/bridge/salt
bridge metadata --config /etc/bridge.d > sp.xml
bridge check    --config /etc/bridge.d
bridge          --config /etc/bridge.d

The SAML half is github.com/go-authn/saml; this is the OpenID Connect half and the mapping between them. See the README for the configuration.