errors

package module
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 Go to latest Published: Nov 20, 2024 License: MIT Imports: 11 Imported by: 38

README

errors 包

原理

一句话：通过汇编，从调用栈中获取 pc 和 pc 列表。
性能提升的具体细节，这两篇技术文章中有详细说明：

  1. 关于 golang 错误处理的一些优化想法
  2. golang文件行号探索

此库下有两个功能模块：

  1. errors：功能和 pkg/errors 类似，性能比后者高一个数量级以上。
  2. errors/logrus 和 errors/zap：分别包装了 sirupsen/logrus 和 go.uber.org/zap ，目标是 100% 兼容后者。 利用了 errors 获取行号的接口，能减少 1300ns ~ 2500ns 的时间损耗，会持续优化。如有不兼容的地方，欢迎吐槽。

模拟 Go2 错误处理方式

参考 Go2 的 check与hanle关键字，实现了类是的错误处理逻辑：

func TestHandlerCheck(t *testing.T) {
	defer func() {
		fmt.Printf("1 -> ")
	}()

	handler, err := NewHandler() // 当 tag.Try(err) 时，跳转此处并返回 err1
	fmt.Printf("2 -> ")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("3 -> ")
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("5 -> ")
	handler.Check(errors.New("err"))

	fmt.Printf("6 -> ")
	return
}

以上代码将输出：

2 -> 5 -> 2 -> 3 -> 1 ->

当然，如果使用 defer + panic 实现相关功能也可以。 不过如果忘了 defer recover 有可能会早成程序退出，而且很多公司都禁用这种方式。

性能基准测试

  1. errors 和 pkg/errors 比较

由测试结果可知，在性能上，这个 errors 库比 Go 语言官方 errors 库（不带调用栈）的性能还要好。 和 pkg/errors 已经拉开了一个数量级以上的差距。

BenchmarkNewAndFormatting

func BenchmarkNewAndFormatting(b *testing.B) {
    depths := []int{1, 10} //嵌套深度
    std, pkg, lxt := "std", "pkg", "lxt"

    stdText := func(err error) []byte {
        buf := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, 1024))
        for ; err != nil; err = errors.Unwrap(err) {
            buf.WriteString(err.Error())
        }
        return buf.Bytes()
    }

    runs := []struct {
        t    string          //函数名字
        name string          //函数名字
        f    func(depth int) //调用方法
    }{
        {std, "text", func(depth int) {
            err := errors.New(errMsg)
            for j := 0; j < depth; j++ {
                err = fmt.Errorf("%w; %s", err, errTrace)
            }
            stdText(err)
        }},
        {lxt, "text", func(depth int) {
            var err error = NewCode(0, errCode, errMsg)
            for j := 0; j < depth; j++ {
                err = Wrap(err, errTrace)
            }
            MarshalText(err)
        }},
        {lxt, "json", func(depth int) {
            var err error = NewCode(0, errCode, errMsg)
            for j := 0; j < depth; j++ {
                err = Wrap(err, errTrace)
            }
            MarshalJSON(err)
        }},
        {pkg, "text.%+v", func(depth int) {
            err := pkgerrs.New(errMsg)
            for j := 0; j < depth; j++ {
                err = pkgerrs.Wrap(err, errTrace)
            }
            _ = fmt.Sprintf("%+v", err)
        }},
        {pkg, "text.%v", func(depth int) {
            err := pkgerrs.New(errMsg)
            for j := 0; j < depth; j++ {
                err = pkgerrs.Wrap(err, errTrace)
            }
            _ = fmt.Sprintf("%v", err)
        }},
    }

    for _, run := range runs {
        for _, depth := range depths {
            name := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s-%d", run.t, run.name, depth)
            b.Run(name, func(b *testing.B) {
                b.ReportAllocs()
                b.ResetTimer()
                for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
                    run.f(depth)
                }
                b.StopTimer()
            })
        }
    }
}

测试结果

BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/std.text-1
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/std.text-1-12      1963789   658.9 ns/op  1088 B/op   4 allocs/op
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/std.text-10
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/std.text-10-12     452484    2575 ns/op  1913 B/op  22 allocs/op
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/lxt.text-1
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/lxt.text-1-12       2825418   429.8 ns/op   421 B/op   4 allocs/op
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/lxt.text-10
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/lxt.text-10-12      831126    1529 ns/op  1814 B/op  13 allocs/op
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/lxt.json-1
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/lxt.json-1-12       2325892   650.5 ns/op   485 B/op   4 allocs/op
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/lxt.json-10
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/lxt.json-10-12       570873   1912 ns/op  2071 B/op  13 allocs/op
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/pkg.text.%+v-1
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/pkg.text.%+v-1-12    110577   9163 ns/op  1827 B/op  28 allocs/op
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/pkg.text.%+v-10
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/pkg.text.%+v-10-12   24076    52849 ns/op  9980 B/op   154 allocs/op
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/pkg.text.%v-1
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/pkg.text.%v-1-12     534991   2099 ns/op   672 B/op   9 allocs/op
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/pkg.text.%v-10
BenchmarkNewAndFormatting/pkg.text.%v-10-12    95394    11317 ns/op  4315 B/op  54 allocs/op
  1. errors/logrus 和 errors/zap 性能提升

errors/logrus、 errors/zap 和 errors/zerolog 分别替换了 sirupsen/logrus 、 go.uber.org/zap 和 rs/zerolog 的代码行号获取逻辑。

由结果可知，能减少 500ns ~ 2500ns 的损耗，而且是兼容性升级，非常值得尝试。

BenchmarkLog

func BenchmarkLog(b *testing.B) {
	b.Run("zerolog", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		logger := zerolog.New(io.Discard)
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			logger.Info().
				Str("string", `some string format log information`).
				Int("int", 3).
				Msg("some log messages")
		}
	})
	b.Run("zerolog+lxt", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		logger := New(io.Discard)
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			logger.Info().
				Str("string", `some string format log information`).
				Int("int", 3).
				Msg("some log messages")
		}
	})
	b.Run("zerolog+caller", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		logger := zerolog.New(io.Discard)
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			logger.Info().
				Caller().
				Str("string", `some string format log information`).
				Int("int", 3).
				Msg("some log messages")
		}
	})
	b.Run("zerolog+lxt caller", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		logger := New(io.Discard)
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			logger.Info().
				Caller().
				Str("string", `some string format log information`).
				Int("int", 3).
				Msg("some log messages")
		}
	})

	b.Run("zerolog+context-caller", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		logger := zerolog.New(io.Discard)
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			log := logger.
				With().
				Caller().Logger()
			log.Info().
				Str("string", `some string format log information`).
				Int("int", 3).
				Msg("some log messages")
		}
	})
	b.Run("zerolog+lxt context-caller", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		logger := New(io.Discard)
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			log := logger.
				With().
				Caller().Logger()
			log.Info().
				Str("string", `some string format log information`).
				Int("int", 3).
				Msg("some log messages")
		}
	})

	b.Run("logrus", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		logger := logrus.New()
		logger.SetOutput(io.Discard)
		// logrus.SetReportCaller(true)
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			logger.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
				"string": "some string format log information",
				"int":    3,
			}).Info("some log messages")
		}
	})
	b.Run("logrus+caller", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		logger := logrus.New()
		logger.SetOutput(io.Discard)
		logger.SetReportCaller(true)
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			logger.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
				"string": "some string format log information",
				"int":    3,
			}).Info("some log messages")
		}
	})
	b.Run("logrus+lxt caller", func(b *testing.B) {
		// logrus.SetReportCaller(false)
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		logger := lxtlog.New()
		logger.SetOutput(io.Discard)
		// logrus.SetReportCaller(true)
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			logger.WithFields(lxtlog.Fields{
				"string": "some string format log information",
				"int":    3,
			}).Info("some log messages")
		}
	})

	b.Run("zap", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		cfg := zap.NewProductionConfig()
		core := zapcore.NewCore(
			// zapcore.NewJSONEncoder(cfg.EncoderConfig),
			zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(cfg.EncoderConfig),
			zapcore.AddSync(io.Discard),
			zapcore.InfoLevel,
		)
		logger := zap.New(core)
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			logger.Info("some log messages",
				zap.String("string", `some string format log information`),
				zap.Int("int", 3),
			)
		}
	})
	b.Run("zap+caller", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		cfg := zap.NewProductionConfig()
		core := zapcore.NewCore(
			// zapcore.NewJSONEncoder(cfg.EncoderConfig),
			zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(cfg.EncoderConfig),
			zapcore.AddSync(io.Discard),
			zapcore.InfoLevel,
		)
		logger := zap.New(core, zap.WithCaller(true))
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			logger.Info("some log messages",
				zap.String("string", `some string format log information`),
				zap.Int("int", 3),
			)
		}
	})
	b.Run("zap+lxt caller", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		cfg := zap.NewProductionConfig()
		core := zapcore.NewCore(
			// zapcore.NewJSONEncoder(cfg.EncoderConfig),
			zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(cfg.EncoderConfig),
			zapcore.AddSync(io.Discard),
			zapcore.InfoLevel,
		)
		logger := lxtzaplog.New(core, zap.WithCaller(false))
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			logger.Info("some log messages",
				zap.String("string", `some string format log information`),
				zap.Int("int", 3),
			)
		}
	})

	b.Run("zap-sugar", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		cfg := zap.NewProductionConfig()
		core := zapcore.NewCore(
			// zapcore.NewJSONEncoder(cfg.EncoderConfig),
			zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(cfg.EncoderConfig),
			zapcore.AddSync(io.Discard),
			zapcore.InfoLevel,
		)
		logger := zap.New(core)
		sugar := logger.Sugar()
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			sugar.Info("some log messages",
				"string", `some string format log information`,
				"int", 3,
				"backoff", time.Second,
			)
		}
	})
	b.Run("zap-sugar+caller", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		cfg := zap.NewProductionConfig()
		core := zapcore.NewCore(
			// zapcore.NewJSONEncoder(cfg.EncoderConfig),
			zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(cfg.EncoderConfig),
			zapcore.AddSync(io.Discard),
			zapcore.InfoLevel,
		)
		logger := zap.New(core, zap.WithCaller(true))
		sugar := logger.Sugar()
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			sugar.Info("some log messages",
				"string", `some string format log information`,
				"int", 3,
				"backoff", time.Second,
			)
		}
	})

	b.Run("zap-sugar+lxt caller", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		cfg := zap.NewProductionConfig()
		core := zapcore.NewCore(
			// zapcore.NewJSONEncoder(cfg.EncoderConfig),
			zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(cfg.EncoderConfig),
			zapcore.AddSync(io.Discard),
			zapcore.InfoLevel,
		)
		logger := lxtzaplog.New(core, zap.WithCaller(false))
		sugar := logger.Sugar()
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			sugar.Info("some log messages",
				"string", `some string format log information`,
				"int", 3,
				"backoff", time.Second,
			)
		}
	})

	b.Run("lxt caller", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.StopTimer()
		b.ReportAllocs()
		b.StartTimer()
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			c := CallerFrame(errors.GetPC())
			io.Discard.Write([]byte(zap.String("caller", c.File).String))
		}
	})
}

测试结果如下：

pkg: github.com/lxt1045/errors/zerolog
cpu: AMD Ryzen 9 7940H w/ Radeon 780M Graphics
BenchmarkLog
BenchmarkLog/zerolog
BenchmarkLog/zerolog-16
16198856	        71.87 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/zerolog+lxt
BenchmarkLog/zerolog+lxt-16
15661706	        71.98 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/zerolog+caller
BenchmarkLog/zerolog+caller-16
 1704080	       708.4 ns/op	     320 B/op	       4 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/zerolog+lxt_caller
BenchmarkLog/zerolog+lxt_caller-16
 7110272	       162.0 ns/op	      83 B/op	       2 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/zerolog+context-caller
BenchmarkLog/zerolog+context-caller-16
  876045	      1393 ns/op	     856 B/op	       7 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/zerolog+lxt_context-caller
BenchmarkLog/zerolog+lxt_context-caller-16
 2933074	       406.9 ns/op	     608 B/op	       5 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/logrus
BenchmarkLog/logrus-16
  560250	      2042 ns/op	    1362 B/op	      23 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/logrus+caller
BenchmarkLog/logrus+caller-16
  238459	      5203 ns/op	    2388 B/op	      34 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/logrus+lxt_caller
BenchmarkLog/logrus+lxt_caller-16
  374670	      3571 ns/op	    2084 B/op	      31 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/zap
BenchmarkLog/zap-16
 2589802	       486.4 ns/op	     152 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/zap+caller
BenchmarkLog/zap+caller-16
  769772	      1631 ns/op	     425 B/op	       6 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/zap+lxt_caller
BenchmarkLog/zap+lxt_caller-16
 1563028	       791.4 ns/op	     409 B/op	       4 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/zap-sugar
BenchmarkLog/zap-sugar-16
 2392736	       520.7 ns/op	     112 B/op	       4 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/zap-sugar+caller
BenchmarkLog/zap-sugar+caller-16
  590670	      1939 ns/op	     385 B/op	       7 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/zap-sugar+lxt_caller
BenchmarkLog/zap-sugar+lxt_caller-16
 1537038	       806.3 ns/op	     176 B/op	       5 allocs/op
BenchmarkLog/lxt_caller
BenchmarkLog/lxt_caller-16
39783445	        29.44 ns/op	      32 B/op	       1 allocs/op

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Documentation

Index

Constants

View Source 
const (
	DefaultCode = -1
	DefaultMsg  = ""
)
View Source 
const (
	DefaultDepth = 32 // 默认构建的调用栈深度
)

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

func CallerFrame 

func CallerFrame(l uintptr) (c *caller)

CallerFrame 使用 Read-copy update(RCU) 缓存提高性能

func CallersSkip 

func CallersSkip(skip int) (cs []caller)

func Clone 

func Clone(err error, skips ...int) error

Clone 利用 code 和 msg 生成一个包含当前stack的新Error,

func Errorf 

func Errorf(format string, a ...interface{}) error

Errorf 替换 fmt.Errorf

func Is 

func Is(err1, target error) bool

Is 检查code是不是一样的

func MarshalJSON 

func MarshalJSON(err error) (bs []byte)

MarshalJSON 将err序列化为json格式

func MarshalJSON2 

func MarshalJSON2(err error) (bs []byte)

func MarshalText 

func MarshalText(err error) (bs []byte)

func New 

func New(format string, a ...interface{}) error

New 替换 errors.New

func NewErr 

func NewErr(code int, format string, a ...interface{}) error

func NewLine 

func NewLine(format string, ifaces ...interface{}) error

func NewLineSlow 

func NewLineSlow(format string, ifaces ...interface{}) error

func NewStackCache 

func NewStackCache[V any](fNew func(s *[DefaultDepth]uintptr, l int) V) *stackCache1[V]

func NewWriteBuffer 

func NewWriteBuffer(n int) (buf *writeBuffer)

func Wrap 

func Wrap(err error, format string, ifaces ...interface{}) error

Wrap 需要禁止内联,因为内联后,将无法通过 BP 获取正确的PC。

func WrapSlow 

func WrapSlow(err error, format string, ifaces ...interface{}) error

func ZerologStack 

func ZerologStack(skip int) zeroStack

func ZerologStackWithSkips 

func ZerologStackWithSkips(skip int, skips ...SkipFrame) zeroStackSkip

Types

type Code 

type Code struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func NewCode 

func NewCode(skip, code int, format string, a ...interface{}) (c *Code)

func NewCodeSlow 

func NewCodeSlow(skip, code int, format string, a ...interface{}) (c *Code)

func (*Code) Clone 

func (e *Code) Clone(msg ...string) *Code

func (*Code) Clonef 

func (e *Code) Clonef(format string, a ...interface{}) *Code

func (*Code) Code 

func (e *Code) Code() int

func (*Code) Error 

func (e *Code) Error() string

Error error interface, 序列化为string, 包含调用栈

func (*Code) Is 

func (e *Code) Is(err error) bool

func (*Code) MarshalJSON 

func (e *Code) MarshalJSON() (bs []byte, err error)

MarshalJSON json.Marshaler的方法, json.Marshal 里调用

func (*Code) MarshalZerologArray 

func (e *Code) MarshalZerologArray(a *zerolog.Array)

func (*Code) MarshalZerologObject 

func (e *Code) MarshalZerologObject(evt *zerolog.Event)

MarshalZerologObject for zerolog

func (*Code) Msg 

func (e *Code) Msg() string

func (*Code) SkipClone 

func (e *Code) SkipClone(skip int, msg ...string) *Code

func (*Code) SkipClonef 

func (e *Code) SkipClonef(skip int, format string, a ...interface{}) *Code

type PC 

type PC uintptr

func GetPC 

func GetPC() PC

func (PC) CallerFrame 

func (p PC) CallerFrame() (c *caller)

type RCUCache 

type RCUCache[K comparable, V any] struct {
	New func(K) V
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

func (*RCUCache[K, V]) Get 

func (c *RCUCache[K, V]) Get(key K) (v V)

func (*RCUCache[K, V]) JustGet 

func (c *RCUCache[K, V]) JustGet(key K) (v V, ok bool)

func (*RCUCache[K, V]) Set 

func (c *RCUCache[K, V]) Set(key K, value V)

type SkipFrame 

type SkipFrame func(Func string, File string, Line int) bool

func SkipFileContains 

func SkipFileContains(pre string) SkipFrame

func SkipFilePrefix 

func SkipFilePrefix(pre string) SkipFrame

func SkipFileSuffix 

func SkipFileSuffix(pre string) SkipFrame

func SkipFuncContains 

func SkipFuncContains(pre string) SkipFrame

func SkipFuncPrefix 

func SkipFuncPrefix(pre string) SkipFrame

func SkipFuncSuffix 

func SkipFuncSuffix(pre string) SkipFrame

type StackCache 

type StackCache[V any] struct {
	RCUCache[string, V]
}

func (*StackCache[V]) Get 

func (c *StackCache[V]) Get(s *[DefaultDepth]uintptr, l int) (v V)

func (*StackCache[V]) Set 

func (c *StackCache[V]) Set(s *[DefaultDepth]uintptr, l int, v V)

Source Files

View all Source files

Directories

Path Synopsis
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