Overview ¶
Package errgroup provides synchronization, error propagation, and Context cancelation for groups of goroutines working on subtasks of a common task.
Index ¶
Examples ¶
type Group ¶
type Group struct {
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
A Group is a collection of goroutines working on subtasks that are part of the same overall task.
A zero Group is valid and does not cancel on error.
Example (JustErrors) ¶
JustErrors illustrates the use of a Group in place of a sync.WaitGroup to simplify goroutine counting and error handling. This example is derived from the sync.WaitGroup example at https://golang.org/pkg/sync/#example_WaitGroup.
Code:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
"net/http"
)
func main() {
g := new(errgroup.Group)
var urls = []string{
"http://www.golang.org/",
"http://www.google.com/",
"http://www.somestupidname.com/",
}
for _, url := range urls {
// Launch a goroutine to fetch the URL.
url := url // https://golang.org/doc/faq#closures_and_goroutines
g.Go(func() error {
// Fetch the URL.
resp, err := http.Get(url)
if err == nil {
resp.Body.Close()
}
return err
})
}
// Wait for all HTTP fetches to complete.
if err := g.Wait(); err == nil {
fmt.Println("Successfully fetched all URLs.")
}
}
Example (Parallel) ¶
Parallel illustrates the use of a Group for synchronizing a simple parallel task: the "Google Search 2.0" function from https://talks.golang.org/2012/concurrency.slide#46, augmented with a Context and error-handling.
Code:
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
"os"
)
var (
Web = fakeSearch("web")
Image = fakeSearch("image")
Video = fakeSearch("video")
)
type Result string
type Search func(ctx context.Context, query string) (Result, error)
func fakeSearch(kind string) Search {
return func(_ context.Context, query string) (Result, error) {
return Result(fmt.Sprintf("%s result for %q", kind, query)), nil
}
}
func main() {
Google := func(ctx context.Context, query string) ([]Result, error) {
g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
searches := []Search{Web, Image, Video}
results := make([]Result, len(searches))
for i, search := range searches {
i, search := i, search // https://golang.org/doc/faq#closures_and_goroutines
g.Go(func() error {
result, err := search(ctx, query)
if err == nil {
results[i] = result
}
return err
})
}
if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return results, nil
}
results, err := Google(context.Background(), "golang")
if err != nil {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
return
}
for _, result := range results {
fmt.Println(result)
}
}
web result for "golang" image result for "golang" video result for "golang"
Example (Pipeline) ¶
Pipeline demonstrates the use of a Group to implement a multi-stage pipeline: a version of the MD5All function with bounded parallelism from https://blog.golang.org/pipelines.
Code:
package main import ( "context" "crypto/md5" "fmt" "io/ioutil" "log" "os" "path/filepath" "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup" ) // Pipeline demonstrates the use of a Group to implement a multi-stage // pipeline: a version of the MD5All function with bounded parallelism from // https://blog.golang.org/pipelines. func main() { m, err := MD5All(context.Background(), ".") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } for k, sum := range m { fmt.Printf("%s:\t%x\n", k, sum) } } type result struct { path string sum [md5.Size]byte } // MD5All reads all the files in the file tree rooted at root and returns a map // from file path to the MD5 sum of the file's contents. If the directory walk // fails or any read operation fails, MD5All returns an error. func MD5All(ctx context.Context, root string) (map[string][md5.Size]byte, error) { // ctx is canceled when g.Wait() returns. When this version of MD5All returns // - even in case of error! - we know that all of the goroutines have finished // and the memory they were using can be garbage-collected. g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx) paths := make(chan string) g.Go(func() error { defer close(paths) return filepath.Walk(root, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error { if err != nil { return err } if !info.Mode().IsRegular() { return nil } select { case paths <- path: case <-ctx.Done(): return ctx.Err() } return nil }) }) // Start a fixed number of goroutines to read and digest files. c := make(chan result) const numDigesters = 20 for i := 0; i < numDigesters; i++ { g.Go(func() error { for path := range paths { data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path) if err != nil { return err } select { case c <- result{path, md5.Sum(data)}: case <-ctx.Done(): return ctx.Err() } } return nil }) } go func() { g.Wait() close(c) }() m := make(map[string][md5.Size]byte) for r := range c { m[r.path] = r.sum } // Check whether any of the goroutines failed. Since g is accumulating the // errors, we don't need to send them (or check for them) in the individual // results sent on the channel. if err := g.Wait(); err != nil { return nil, err } return m, nil }
func WithContext ¶
func WithContext(ctx context.Context) (*Group, context.Context)
WithContext returns a new Group and an associated Context derived from ctx.
The derived Context is canceled the first time a function passed to Go returns a non-nil error or the first time Wait returns, whichever occurs first.